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131.
In recent years, the hole drilling method for determining residual stresses has been implemented with optical methods such as holographic interferometry and ESPI to overcome certain limitations of the strain rosette version of hole drilling. Although offering advantages, the interferometric methods require vibration isolation, a significant drawback to their use outside of the laboratory. In this study, a 3D image correlation approach was used to measure micron-sized surface displacements caused by the localized stress relief associated with hole drilling. Residual stresses were then found from the displacements using non-dimensional relations previously derived by finite element analysis. A major advantage of image correlation is that it does not require interferometric vibration isolation. Experiments were performed to check the ability of this new approach for uniaxial and equi-biaxial states of stress. Stresses determined by the approach were in good agreement with computed values and those determined by hole drilling using holographic interferometry. 相似文献
132.
Yu. N. Shevchenko R. G. Terekhov N. N. Tormakhov 《International Applied Mechanics》2007,43(3):291-302
Energy-coupled stress and strain measures are defined in Euler coordinates. They are used to analyze the relationship between the first invariants of the stress and strain tensors for linearity and to determine strains at which the plastic component of the first strain invariant can be neglected. It is established that this relationship remains linear within an engineering plastic-strain tolerance of 0.2% irrespective of the value of strain intensity, which depends on the type of material and its stress state __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 60–72, March 2007. 相似文献
133.
The turbulent flow in a compound meandering channel with a rectangular cross section is one of the most complicated turbulent flows, because the flow behaviour is influenced by several kinds of forces, including centrifugal forces, pressure‐driven forces and shear stresses generated by momentum transfer between the main channel and the flood plain. Numerical analysis has been performed for the fully developed turbulent flow in a compound meandering open‐channel flow using an algebraic Reynolds stress model. The boundary‐fitted coordinate system is introduced as a method for coordinate transformation in order to set the boundary conditions along the complicated shape of the meandering open channel. The turbulence model consists of transport equations for turbulent energy and dissipation, in conjunction with an algebraic stress model based on the Reynolds stress transport equations. With reference to the pressure–strain term, we have made use of a modified pressure–strain term. The boundary condition of the fluctuating vertical velocity is set to zero not only for the free surface, but also for computational grid points next to the free surface, because experimental results have shown that the fluctuating vertical velocity approaches zero near the free surface. In order to examine the validity of the present numerical method and the turbulent model, the calculated results are compared with experimental data measured by laser Doppler anemometer. In addition, the compound meandering open channel is clarified somewhat based on the calculated results. As a result of the analysis, the present algebraic Reynolds stress model is shown to be able to reasonably predict the turbulent flow in a compound meandering open channel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
134.
The propagation of rough and smooth wall pre-existing turbulent fluid fractures is investigated. The laminar fluid fracture is included as a special case for comparison. Lubrication theory is assumed to apply in the fracture and turbulence is introduced through the wall shear stress. The Perkins–Kern–Nordgren approximation is made in which the fluid pressure is proportional to the half-width of the fracture. The fracture half-width satisfies a non-linear diffusion equation. By using a linear combination of the Lie point symmetries of the non-linear diffusion equation a group invariant solution for the fracture length, volume and half-width is derived. The evolution of the length, half-width and mean flow velocity is analysed for a range of working conditions at the fracture entry. It is found that the mean flow velocity increases approximately linearly along the fracture. 相似文献
135.
Active vibration control for a kind of two-hinged plate is developed in this paper. A finite element model for the hinged plate integrated with distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators is derived, including bending and torsional modes of vibration. In this model, the hinges are simplified as regular plate elements to facilitate operation. The state space representations for bending and torsional vibrations are obtained. Based on two low-order models of the bending and torsional motion, two H ∞ robust controllers are designed for suppressing the vibrations of the bending and torsional modes, respectively. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed H ∞ controllers. The vibration magnitudes of the low-order modes can be reduced without affecting the high frequency modes. 相似文献
136.
Based on the finite deformation theory of the continuum and poroelastic theory, the aeoustoelastic theory for fluid-saturated porous media （FSPM） in natural and initial coordi- nates is developed to investigate the influence of effective stresses and fluid pore pressure on wave velocities. Firstly, the assumption of a small dynamic motion superimposed on a largely static pre- deformation of the FSPM yields natural, initial, and final configurations, whose displacements, strains, and stresses of the solid-skeleton and the fluid in an FSPM particle could be described in natural and initial coordinates, respectively. Secondly, the subtraction of initial-state equations of equilibrium from the final-state equations of motion and the introduction of non-linear constitu- rive relations of the FSPM lead to equations of motion for the small dynamic motion. Thirdly, the consideration of homogeneous pre-deformation and the plane harmonic form of the small dynamic motion gives an acoustoelastic equation, which provides analytical formulations for the relation of the fast longitudinal wave, the fast shear wave, the slow shear wave, and the slow longitudinal wave with solid-skeleton stresses and fluid pore-pressure. Lastly, an isotropic FSPM under the close-pore jacketed condition, open-pore jacketed condition, traditional unjacketed condition, and triaxial condition is taken as an example to discuss the velocities of the fast and slow shear waves propagating along the direction of one of the initial principal solid-skeleton strains. The detailed discussion shows that the wave velocities of the FSPM are usually influenced by the effective stresses and the fluid pore pressure. The fluid pore-pressure has little effect on the wave velocities of the FSPM only when the components of the applied initial principal solid-skeleton stresses or strains are equal, which is consistent with the previous experimental results. 相似文献
137.
138.
基于纤维加强各向异性不可压超弹性复合材料三层厚壁圆筒模型,在大变形超弹性理论框架下研究了内压作用老年人动脉壁的变形与应力分布等力学特性.通过数值计算给出了正常和非正常状态下动脉壁的变形曲线和应力曲线,考虑了动脉壁中残余应力、平滑肌主动作用、纤维分散现象、基体模量、纤维强度及纤维角度的影响,得到了正常和疾病状态下动脉壁的变形和应力分布规律,分析了各种因素的影响规律,讨论了变形曲线的稳定性. 相似文献
139.
基于二维热弹性力学理论,研究均匀热荷载作用下层合简支梁的弹性力学解.首先导出均匀温度场中满足控制微分方程和两端简支边界条件的单层梁的弹性力学解,然后利用层间界面位移和应力必须连续的条件,递推得到底层梁与顶层梁间的位移和应力关系.最后根据层合梁上下表面的边界条件确定待定系数,带回递推公式得到整个层合梁的应力和位移分布.本文方法的计算结果有很好的收敛性.与有限元软件的结果对照说明了本文方法的精确性.最后,研究了不同的变温对层合简支梁的位移和应力的影响,结果显示每个层间界面在x方向的应力是不连续.随着温度的升高,梁的最大位移相应地增大.温度越高,位移沿厚度变化的速率越大. 相似文献
140.
将FRP布视为正交各向异性材料,考虑其拉伸与压缩时的双弹性模量性质,给出了四周粘贴FRP布加固带裂缝木梁四点弯曲的边值问题,得到了FRP布加固木梁挠度的解析解,并验证了其有效性和适用性.参数分析表明:相比于侧面粘贴CFRP布,在木梁受拉侧沿轴向粘贴CFRP布的刚度加固效果更加显著;CFRP布加固木梁的挠度随CFRP加固布厚度和弹性模量的增加而减小,但当侧贴CFRP布厚度增加到某一值时,继续增加厚度对木梁挠度的减少效果已不明显;当受拉侧CFRP布厚度较小时,木梁挠度随CFRP布厚度的增加非线性减小,而当受拉侧CFRP布厚度较大时,木梁挠度随CFRP布厚度几乎呈线性减小.同时,当侧贴CFRP布的剪切模量很大时,此时,CFRP布加固带裂缝木梁的挠度趋于CFRP布加固完整无裂缝木梁的挠度,此时,CFRP加固完全消除了裂缝因素. 相似文献