INFLUENCES OF BLAECHING ADDITIVES ON REED PULP FAST BLEACHING

SUMMARYWith the development of paper machine and the enlarger of cooking capability, higher requirement of bleaching system in paper mill is brought forward. At present, many straw-pulp mills completed single-stage hypochlorite bleaching through horizontal bleaching machine, which had the disadvantages of large area and low product ability. So there always was no enough space for paper mills to increase the product ability. Bleaching process became the key handicap to increase the product a…     

Benzylated pulps from sugar cane bagasse

An optimized ethanol/water process has been employed for the pulping of fibres from sugar cane bagasse. After pretreatment with aqueous NaOH, unbleached pulps were subjected to benzylation at 110 °C for different periods of time. The resulting purified products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The results showed that benzylation proceeded to various extents depending on the reaction time, as assessed by weight gain. During the first 3 h, a loss of mass was observed due to the occurrence of benzylation of low molecular weight polyoses, which were eliminated in the purification step. After that period of time a drastic weight increase was observed probably because crystalline regions had developed. The samples with low degrees of benzylation were insoluble, whereas the more benzylated counterparts showed limited solubility in THF. Partially soluble samples and a completely soluble one showed very different GPC elution profiles. This may be attributed to the efficiency of the pre treatment which, in the latter case, employed more concentrated alkali. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that all samples were degraded above 310 °C. Glass transition temperatures ranged between 42 °C and 65 °C, increasing as the extent of benzylation increased This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

灰色多层次综合评判在柳树材性分析中的应用

用灰色关联度与层次分析（ＡＨＰ）法选出了柳树作矿柱和造纸用材不同无性系的优良品种，其结果是：作造纸用材Ｊ９０３＞Ｊ７９９＞Ｊ１７２＞Ｊ３０８＞Ｊ７９５＞Ｊ８０２，作矿柱用材Ｊ９０３＞Ｊ７９９＞Ｊ３０８＞Ｊ１７２＞Ｊ７９５＞Ｊ８０２，为木材工业的发展进一步提供了信息和科学根据。     

ON THE BLACK LIQUOR AND RECYCLE COOKING OF AS-AQ STRAW PULP

1.INTRODUCTIONAs a kind of agriculture residues, straw occupies an important status in the non-wood papermaking material in China. Straw is herbaceous plant yearly, and composed with successive and organized cell groups that is similar with others plants. The construction of straw fiber has three obvious layers and the sequence is lamella, primary wall and second wall. Because the organization is loosen andporous, the lignin content is lower and the cooking liquor is easer to penetrate so…     

基于Fluent的纸浆模塑热压定型加热板温度均匀性分析

模内热压定型是纸浆模塑餐具生产过程中的一种常用干燥方式,它是将成型后获得的湿纸模胚在被模具挤压与抽真空的条件下进行加热。加热板作为热压定型机的热源,其工作表面的温度均匀性影响着制品的干燥质量。针对纸浆模塑热压定型过程中加热板的温度不均匀性问题,文中提出了一种联合仿真与正交试验的优化方法。首先,对加热板的工作过程进行分析,建立了加热板的传热模型;然后,基于Fluent对加热板进行温度场的数值模拟,根据温度场分布结果将油路结构中的高温区域与低温区域尽可能交错,设计了4种新的迷宫式油路结构;最后,以油路结构、油路平面高度、加热板厚度和油路截面直径设计了4因素4水平的正交试验,并进行了极差分析与方差分析。结果表明：在实际干燥过程中,工作表面的最高温度为224.47℃,最低温度为209.92℃,温度极差高达14.55℃,温度标准差为3.01℃;加热板厚度和油路直径的大小对温度极差的影响显著,油路结构对温度标准差的影响显著。基于以上分析改进了加热板的结构,与原设计方案相比,加热板工作表面的温度极差降至7.27℃,温度标准差降至1.09℃,保证了加热板温度的均匀性,提升了纸浆模塑产品的质量。     

Enzymatic and alkaline treatments of hardwood dissolving pulp

Dissolving pulp was solubilized in 9% NaOH, resulting in 32% solubilization of the pulp. Most of the pulp hemicelluloses were solubilized during this treatment. During the alkaline treatment the cellulose crystalline form was converted from cellulose I to cellulose II. The alkaline insoluble residue was further treated with cellulases in order to render it more alkaline soluble (two-step process). The cellulose II was readily hydrolysed by Trichoderma reesei endoglucanases. Considerably higher hydrolysis yields and lower viscosities were obtained in the hydrolysis of the alkaline insoluble residue as compared with the original pulp. Compared with direct enzymatic treatment with subsequent solubilization in alkali, the overall alkaline solubility of the two-step process was slightly higher at the same enzyme dosage. However, when compared at the same hydrolysis levels, slightly lower overall alkaline solubilities were obtained in the two-step method. 0969--0239 © 1998 Black ie Academic & Professional     

A multivariate characterization of crystal transformations of cellulose

A spectroscopic study of cellulose transformation processes, such as alkali treatment and annealing, showed that, in combination with multivariate data analysis techniques, a detailed understanding of the crystalline transformation processes could be reached.¹³C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of cotton linters and softwood pulps analysed during the processing revealed information, after data reduction using principal components data analysis, that could be connected to structural changes of the cellulose polymorphs. The data showed that alkali treatment of cotton linters led to a cellulose conversion from cellulose I to II, while annealing, both for linters and pulps, yielded a transformation from I to I.     

Fenton’s reagent-mediated degradation of residual Kraft black liquor

In this work, the effect of Fento’s reagent on the degradation of residual Kraft black liquor was investigated. The effect of Fenton’s reagent on the black liquor degradation was dependent on the concentration of H₂O₂. At low concentrations (5 and 15 mM) of H₂O₂, Fenton’s reagent caused the degradation of phenolic groups (6.8 and 44.8%, respectively), the reduction of reaction medium pH (18.2%), and the polymerization of black liquor lignin. At a high concentration (60 mM) of H₂O₂, Fenton’s reagent induced an extensive degradation of lignin (95–100%) and discoloration of the black liquor. In the presence of traces of iron, the addition of H₂O₂ alone induced mainly lignin fragmentation. In conclusion, Fenton’s reagent and H₂O₂ alone can degrade residual Kraft black liquor under acidic conditions at room temperature.     

变异干髓术的临床疗效分析

变异干髓术是用于治疗乳牙慢性尖周炎的一般方法，现用于治疗恒牙牙髓部分坏死或全部坏死并伴有慢性尖周炎，可以使一些恒牙不作根管治疗且操作简易。１０５０观察时间为０．５－５年，成功８６７年占８２．５％，失败１８３例占１７．５％。