BIOCHEMICAL PULPING OF REED PRETREATED BY WHITE ROT FUNGI

INTRODUCTIONThe origin of biological pulping is natural degradation of lignin by microorganism, such as white rot fungi. Many researches have been carried out, on the biological degradation of the lignin in raw materials, mostly on woods. Those researches were mainly focused on microorganism pretreatment as a prior proceeding of the mechanical pulping, for the rare possibility of pulping directly with the pretreatment by a microorganism. A series of reports showed that microorganism pretr…     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

Ethanol determination in frozen fruit pulps: an application of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance

This study reports the chemical composition of five types of industrial frozen fruit pulps (acerola, cashew, grape, passion fruit and pineapple fruit pulps) and compares them with homemade pulps at two different stages of ripening. The fruit pulps were characterized by analyzing their metabolic profiles and determining their ethanol content using quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR). In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract more information from the NMR data. We detected ethanol in all industrial and homemade pulps; and acetic acid in cashew, grape and passion fruit industrial and homemade pulps. The ethanol content in some industrial pulps is above the level recommended by regulatory agencies and is near the levels of some post‐ripened homemade pulps. This study demonstrates that qNMR can be used to rapidly detect ethanol content in frozen fruit pulps and food derivatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pine Needles (Pinus Sylvestris) as a Bioindicator of Sulphur and Heavy Metal Deposition in the Area Around a Pulp and Paper Mill Complex at Kemi,Northern Finland

Abstract

The determination of sulphur and heavy metals in plants is an integral part of many environmental studies. Pine needles (Pinus Sylvestris) have proved to be suitable air quality indicators for pollutants, especially for sulphur. This study was carried out in the vicinity of Kemi, a town situated on the Gulf of Bothnia in northern Finland. An industrial complex comprising two pulp and paper mills is located in the centre of the area. Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris) needles were collected from 29 sampling sites. The samples were dried, homogenized and digested with nitric acid. The concentrations of the elements S, Fe, Zn, Ca, V, and Pb were determined by ICP-AES. According to our results pine needles (Pinus sylvestris) appear to be an ideal bioindicator and sampling material for identifying and assessing atmospheric sulphur pollution derived from pulp and paper mills and can complement the information provided by plant mapping studies around pulp and paper mills.     

Evaluation of Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.) Pulps for the Removal of Copper(II) Ions: Kinetic,Equilibrium, and Desorption Studies

Pomegranate pulp has been used as novel adsorbent for removing Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. The optimum conditions for removal of Cu(II) ions were found to be pH 5.32, biosorbent dose 0.1 g, contact time 120 minutes, initial concentration 50 mg/L, and temperature 30°C. The kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The biosorption process agreed with the Langmuir isotherm model. Maximum monolayer biosorption capacity was 7.30 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters suggest that the biosorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption studies were carried out with different desorbing agents.      

Stability and Rheological Properties of Suspended Pulp Particles Containing Orange Juice Stabilized by Gellan Gum

Gellan was used to suspend pulp particles in orange juice. Three groups of samples were prepared with 0%, 20%, and 40% orange juice concentrate and supplemented with gellan at different concentrations. A concentration-dependent increase in the size of gellan aggregates and gellan-protein assemblies was observed. Incorporation of gellan into the beverage with 0% juice concentrate changed the rheological behavior of sample to non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluid and increased its surface tension. When juice concentrate proportion was increased from 0% to 20%, the beverage viscosity increased. The highest gellan concentration resulted in a higher yield stress (σ₀) value and inhibited the pulp sedimentation completely.      

79颗患牙采用bFGF胶原膜盖髓的临床观察

目的:探讨79例采用碱性生长因子(bFGF)的胶原蛋白膜盖髓的临床疗效,为临床寻找更有效的盖髓材料提供参考。方法:应用含有bFGF胶原蛋白膜对36颗因龋病和43颗因牙外伤而穿髓的患牙进行盖髓,分析其术后效果,同时与应用氢氧化钙对17颗因龋病和33颗因牙外伤而穿髓的患牙进行盖髓的疗效进行对比。结果:应用含bFGF胶原蛋白膜治疗外伤穿髓的盖髓效果优于氢氧化钙(P<0.05),应用含bFGF胶原蛋白膜治疗外伤穿髓的效果优于龋病治疗意外穿髓的效果(P<0.05),但含bFGF胶原蛋白膜与氢氧化钙比较,对龋病治疗意外穿髓的盖髓效果无显著性差别(P>0.05)。结论:含碱性生长因子的生物膜可以作为盖髓材料在临床应用。     

The effect of high-power ultrasound on the rheological properties of strawberry pulp

This study investigated the effects of high-power ultrasound (HPU, 0–45 °C, 242–968 W/cm², 2–16 min) on the rheological properties of strawberry pulp. Following the HPU treatment, the strawberry pulp exhibited an increase in apparent viscosity, storage modulus (G′), and loss modulus (G″). The water-soluble pectin (WSP), pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, and free calcium ions (Ca²⁺) of the strawberry pulp after HPU treatment were investigated to determine a possible reason for this phenomenon. HPU caused a significant decrease in the degree of esterification (DE), molecular weight (Mw), and particle size of strawberry WSP, but no significant changes were evident in the galacturonic acid (GalA) content and the zeta (ζ)-potential (P > 0.05), resulting in decrease in the apparent viscosity. Moreover, the largest reduction of PME activity was 22.6% after HPU treatment at 605 W/cm² and 45 °C for 16 min, indicating that the PME was resistant to the HPU treatments. The free Ca²⁺ content in the strawberry pulp was significantly decreased after exposure to HPU (P < 0.05). The maximal reduction of 52.01% in the free Ca²⁺ was achieved at 605 W/cm² and 45 °C for 16 min. The overall results indicated that the high residual activity (RA) of PME after HPU might induce the low esterification of WSP, while HPU promoted the interaction of free Ca²⁺ and low-methylated pectin, to form the network structure of Ca²⁺-low-methylated pectin, resulting in an increase in viscosity in the complex strawberry system.     

陈皮中微量铜的分光光度法测定

采用混合酸V(HNO3) V(HClO4)=5 1对新鲜蕉柑的陈皮和果肉样品进行湿法消化处理,并用分光光度法测定了陈皮和果肉中铜的含量。该法的回收率为96.9%~100.8%,相对标准偏差在0.28%~3.94%之间,方法简便、快速、准确。     

Pretreatment of wastepaper and pulp mill sludge by aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide

Pretreatment of two different softwood-based lignocellulosic wastes (newsprint and Kraft pulp mill sludge) was investigated. Pretreatment was done by aqueous ammonia and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), two delignifying reagents that are environmentally benign. Three different treatment schemes were employed: aqueous ammonia alone (ammonia recycled percolation [ARP]), mixed stream of aqueous ammonia and H₂O₂ and successive treatment with H₂O₂ and aqueous ammonia. In all cases there was a substantial degree of delignification ranging from 30 to 50%. About half of the hemicellulose sugars were dissolved into the process effluent. Retention of cellulose after pretreatment varied from 85 to 100% for newspaper feedstock and from 77 to 85% for the pulp mill sludge. After treatment with aqueous ammonia alone (ARP), the digestibility of newspaper and the pulp mill sludge was improved only by 5% (from 40 to 45% for the former and from 68 to 73% for the latter), despite a substantial degree of delignification occurring after the ARP process. The lign in content thus did not correlate with the digestibility for these substrates. Simultaneous treatment with H₂O₂ and aqueous ammonia did not bring about any significant improvement in the digestibility over that of the ARP. A succcessive treatment by H₂O₂ and ARP showed the most promise because it improved the digestibility of the newspaper from 41 to 75%, a level comparable to that of α-cellulose.