Spatiotemporal instability in dispersive nonlinear Kerr medium with a finite response time

We investigated the spatiotemporal modulation instability (MI) in a medium with a non-instantaneous Kerr response in which the nonlinear contribution to the refractive index is governed by a relaxing Debye type equation. The expression for the MI gain spectrum in non-instantaneous Kerr medium is obtained, which clearly reveals the influence of the finite time of the nonlinear response (relaxation effect) on the spatiotemporal MI. It is shown that, due to the relaxation effect, the spatiotemporal MI can appear for the case of anomalous dispersion and defocusing nonlinearity, while it cannot appear in instantaneous Kerr medium for the same case, and a new MI gain spectrum appears, adding to the conventional MI gain spectrum similar to that in an instantaneous Ker medium. In addition, the bandwidth of MI gain spectrum is extended and the maximum MI gain is reduced with increasing of the relaxation time. Interestingly, spatiotemporal MI can appear for any spatial frequencies in non-instantaneous Kerr medium for any combination of dispersion and nonlinearity. We have performed an experiment of MI in carbon disulfide (CS₂), a typical non-instantaneous Kerr medium, which shows quantitative agreement with the theoretical analyses.     

准连续光抽运光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱中的调制不稳定性(英文)

报道了应用准连续光抽运光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱时的一种现象,并根据调制不稳定和数值解薛定谔方程证明此现象为调制不稳定性.在实验中发现有两个波峰,与中心波长之间的距离分别为27 .08 nm和32 .72 nm,经过对比和分析数值结算和实验结果非常吻合,说明调制不稳定性在准连续光抽运光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱过程中起着重要的作用.     

Study on the negative bias temperature instability effect under dynamic stress

This paper studies negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) under alternant and alternating current (AC) stress.Under alternant stress,the degradation smaller than that of single negative stress is obtained.The smaller degradation is resulted from the recovery of positive stress.There are two reasons for the recovery.One is the passivation of H dangling bonds,and another is the detrapping of charges trapped in the oxide.Under different frequencies of AC stress,the parameters all show regular degradation,and also smaller than that of the direct current stress.The higher the frequency is,the smaller the degradation becomes.As the negative stress time is too small under higher frequency,the deeper defects are hard to be filled in.Therefore,the detrapping of oxide charges is easy to occur under positive bias and the degradation is smaller with higher frequency.     

Large eddy simulation of a shocked gas cylinder instability induced turbulence

The Navier-Stokes equations for compressible fluid are solved with the operator splitting technique and LES (large eddy simulation) with the Smagorinsky model. A computational code MVFT (multi-viscosity-fluid and turbulence) is developed to study hydrodynamic instability and the induced turbulent mixing for multi compressible fluid. In order to validate the code MVFT,the LANL's shock tube experiment of shocked SF6 gas cylinder is simulated with the initial state of SF6 gas cylinder described by dissipative ...     

多维地震下大跨网格结构倒塌分析与抗倒塌措施

为了研究大跨网架结构的倒塌模式并寻求有效的抗倒塌方法,以显式动力分析方法为基础,模拟了地震下网架结构的倒塌全过程.从倒塌过程归纳出水平地震作用下网架的倒塌模式以强度破坏为主,竖向地震作用下网架的倒塌模式以动力失稳破坏为主.对比了普通网架、加入普通橡胶隔震支座网架和加入多维隔减震支座网架在强震下的倒塌过程.结果表明,普通网架在5.12s时倒塌,加入普通橡胶隔震支座网架虽未倒塌,但中部凹陷1.01 m,加入多维隔减震支座网架没有发生明显破坏,所以多维隔减震装置能有效地提高网架在强震下的抗倒塌能力.     

正压海洋对中纬西风响应的解析解及讨论

采用中纬度正压准平衡海洋模型,解析求解了其对时变风场强迫的响应,主要结论有: 在时刻t=0和T／2 (T为风场变化周期),在β通道中线上该风场强迫出明显的海洋流场,而在时刻t=T／4和3T／4,虽无大气风场强迫,但仍有较弱的海洋流场。在β通道西边界附近的海洋响应为一对由气旋性和反气旋性曲率构成的涡旋偶,这与在日本本州岛以东、以南海洋流场的EOF模态相像。该解析解中时变风场与流场响应的频率完全相同,但两者存在有位相差,这表明流场响应要滞后于风场异常。该海洋响应的性质属准平衡涡旋波。该解析解能够大体反映时变风场强迫下中纬度北太平洋上层海洋流场的响应,且较先前的结果要优。     

黏性各向异性磁流体Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性:二维数值研究

利用corner transport upwind和constrained transport算法求解非理想磁流体动力学方程组,对匀强平行磁场作用下,黏性各向异性等离子体自由剪切层中的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性进行了数值模拟.从流动结构、涡结构演化、磁场分布、横向磁压力、抗弯磁张力等角度对各向同性和各向异性黏性算例结果进行了讨论,分析了黏性各向异性对Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的影响.结果表明,黏性各向异性比黏性各向同性更利于流动的稳定.其稳定性作用是由于磁感线方向上剪切速率降低导致界面卷起程度和圈数的降低,并使卷起结构中小涡产生增殖、合并,破坏了涡的常规增长,从而导致流动的稳定.黏性各向异性对横向磁压力的影响比对抗弯磁张力更大.     

General solvation motifs of a charged linear macroion in an aqueous droplet

ABSTRACT

We explore the solvation patterns of a charged rigid and semi-rigid linear macroion in an aqueous droplet. The solvation patterns are summarised in an empirical ‘phase diagram’ on the parameter space defined by the length of the macroion and its charge density. In the study, we employ molecular dynamics and atomistic modelling. The macroion is represented by a positively charged carbon nanotube. Linear macroion-solvent interactions in droplets are distinct from those of spherical ions because of the interplay among several factors such as the tendency of the solvent to form spherical droplets in order to minimise the surface energy, the constraint on the charge of a spherical droplet imposed by the Rayleigh limit, the solvation energy of the macroion and its length. The combination of all these factors may lead to a variety of solvent distributions along the rigid rod such as asymmetric solvation of the linear macroion, formation of spiky ‘star’-like distribution of solvent, partial wetting of the rod by a droplet. The study provides insight into the solvation of macroions in droplets with applications in electrosprayed macroions and atmospheric aerosols. We also propose a possible path of generating a sequence of nanoparticles of different shapes (spheres, multi-point stars) along a linear macromolecule by exploiting the various solvation patterns.     

Ion-Acoustic Rogue Waves in Multi-ion Plasmas *

The basic properties of nonlinear ion-acoustic (IA) waves (IAWs), particularly finite amplitude IA rogue waves (IARWs) in a plasma medium (containing pair ions, iso-thermal positrons, and non-thermal electrons) are theoretically investigated by deriving the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation (NLSE). The criteria for the modulational instability of IAWs, and the basic features of finite amplitude IARWs are identified. The modulationally stable and unstable regions are determined by the sign of the ratio of the dispersive coefficient to the nonlinear rcoefficient of NLSE. The latter is analyzed to obtain the region for the existence of the IARWs, which corresponds to the unstable region. The shape of the profile of the rogue waves depends on the non-thermal parameter$\alpha$ and the ratio of electron temperature to positron temperature. It is found that the increase in the value of the non-thermal parameter enhances both the amplitude and width of IARWs, and that the enhancement of electron (positron) temperature reduces (enhances) the amplitude and width of IARWs. It is worth to mention that our present investigation may be useful for understanding the salient features of IARWs in space (viz., upper region of Titan's atmosphere, cometary comae, and Earth's ionosphere, etc.) and laboratory (viz., plasma process ingreactor and neutral beam sources, etc.) plasmas.      

Dust‐acoustic envelope solitons in super‐thermal plasmas

The modulational instability (MI) of the dust‐acoustic waves (DAWs) in an electron‐positron‐ion‐dust plasma (containing super‐thermal electrons, positrons, and ions along with negatively charged adiabatic dust grains) is investigated by the analysis of the non‐linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). To derive the NLSE, the reductive perturbation method was employed. Two different parametric regions for stable and unstable DAWs are observed. The presence of super‐thermal electrons, positrons, and ions significantly modifies both the stable and unstable regions. The critical wave number k_c (at which MI sets in) depends on the super‐thermal electron, positron, and ion, and adiabatic dust concentrations.