大麦籽粒形成期不同器官氮素变化规律的研究

大麦籽粒形成期营养器官的全氮、蛋白氮含量都呈下降趋势。籽粒的全氮和蛋白氮含量呈上升趋势，全氮和非蛋白氮含量在品种间差异明显，而蛋白氮含量差异不明显。对于籽粒全氮含量的形成，旗叶（鞘）贡献最大，其次为穗下茎，芒与颖壳较穗下茎略小。对于籽粒蛋白氮含量的形成，旗叶（鞘）的作用最大，其次为芒与颖壳，穗下茎贡献较小。高蛋白品种营养器官的氮素向籽粒输出较充分，而低蛋白品种输出不充分。     

Study of Water Uptake in Whole Grain Barley by Two-Dimensional Correlation Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

This study reports the use of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation (2D-COS) spectroscopy to monitor the effect of soaking and water uptake by the barley endosperm (Hordeum vulgare, L). The synchronous 2D-COS maps derived from the NIR spectra of barley endosperm showed similarities that could be explained by the regions in the spectra associated with water as well as with the biochemical and biophysical changes as a consequence of the water uptake by the grain. The results also demonstrated the potential of 2D-COS combined with NIR spectroscopy as an analytical tool to study changes in the biophysical characteristics of whole barley during steeping or soaking. This method can be used to obtain information about the effect of water uptake in other chemical characteristics of the endosperm of cereal grains.     

青稞提取物干预对老年小鼠骨骼肌萎缩的影响

衰老过程中氧化应激的增加与骨骼肌质量与功能的显著降低存在密切关联。青稞富含多酚、类黄酮等生物活性成分,具有较强的抗氧化活性。研究表明,膳食中的天然抗氧化成分可以有效缓解骨骼肌增龄性萎缩。为探讨青稞水提物和醇提物是否对老年小鼠骨骼肌萎缩产生影响,测定了12周青稞提取物干预对老年小鼠骨骼肌年龄相关生理变化的影响,并利用反转录聚合酶链反应和免疫蛋白印记测定了肌萎缩标志基因、氧化应激相关基因的表达。实验结果表明:与衰老的对照小鼠相比,两种青稞提取物干预均有效抑制了衰老小鼠骨骼肌肌肉质量的减少,并增强了衰老小鼠的运动能力;青稞提取物在mRNA和蛋白水平均显著降低了肌肉环状指基因1和肌肉萎缩盒F基因的表达;青稞提取物激活了SIRT3蛋白的表达,并显著抑制了衰老小鼠骨骼肌中的氧化应激。研究结果表明,青稞提取物可以通过激活SIRT3信号的表达有效抑制衰老诱导的氧化应激,从而缓解衰老导致的骨骼肌萎缩。     

青稞分层碾磨中各层粉体的营养及功能成分的分布差异

为明确青稞碾磨中各层粉体营养成分的差异,对不同碾磨层粉体的营养及功能成分进行了比较。结果表明,青稞不同碾磨层粉体的营养成分含量均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。第1次碾磨麸皮中粗纤维、阿拉伯木聚糖、Ca、K、Mn和Na元素含量最高,第2次碾磨麸皮中脂肪、灰分、粗蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、Fe和Mg元素含量最高；青稞米中总淀粉、Cu和Zn含量最高且色泽最白,青稞原粮中β-葡聚糖含量相对最高。重金属Hg、Cd、As、Pb在不同碾磨层粉体中均未检出。不同碾磨层粉体中均以谷氨酸含量最高,蛋氨酸含量最少,其第一限制性氨基酸是赖氨酸。青稞原粮中氨基酸组成与人体氨基酸模式最为接近,第1次碾磨麸皮中氨基酸品质相对更好,第2次碾磨麸皮中蛋白质营养价值评分最高。不同型态的多酚、黄酮及总酚在不同碾磨层粉体中均差异显著(P<0.05),其中第3次碾磨麸皮中游离酚、总酚含量最多,结合酚、游离黄酮、结合黄酮含量均在第1次碾磨麸皮中最高。本研究旨在为青稞不同碾磨层粉体的精深加工和利用提供理论参考。     

Diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the thermal degradation of barley protein

Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy was used to study isothermal degradation of crude barley protein, that was obtained as a side product of alcohol production. The isothermal temperatures used were in the range 50–150° C. Before analysis the protein fraction was dried either by lyophilization or spray drying. The drying method did not have a major effect on the subsequent isothermal degradation of the material. The main reactions observed in the spectra were oxidation indicated by the appearance of a broad composite carbonyl band and degradation of both proteins and starch. The reactions were visible already in the spectra taken at 70° C and there rates gradually increased as the temperature was raised to 150° C.     

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMON WHEAT GERM-PLASM RESISTANT TO BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS BY BIOTECHNOLOGY

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is one of the most serious wheat diseases in China. So far no resistance has been described in common wheat. A certain level of BYDV resistance was found in thirteen Triticeae species. Thinopyrum intermedium, two octoploids derived from TH. intermedium/wheat, Zhong 4 awnless and TAF46, and one disomic addition line, L1 derived from TAF46, showed good resistance to BYDV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two wheat/TA. intermedium translocation lines, CPI 119880 and CPI 119899, showing good BYDV resistance were developed from L1 by using both CSph mutant and tissue culture. It is found that their BYDV resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. Two cDNA probes pEleAcc3 and pPJN8 (E1-T1) were screened for detecting Th. intermedium DNA in wheat background. A specific band for the DNA of Th. intermedium and its derivatives was found in Southern hybridization. It is also possible to determine the size of the alien segment by comparing the relative density o     

黄化大麦与野生型大麦三种同工酶的比较研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺胶电泳，对黄化大麦和野生型大麦三种同工酶的对比研究结果表明，黄化大麦叶片与种子中的过氧化物酶和细胞色素氧化酶的活性均高于野生型大麦；黄化大麦种子中酯酶同工酶的活性高于野生型大麦，但叶片中低于野生型大麦。     

低度青稞酒工业生产方法研究

用中试规模，对糖化液法、固态法、半固态法和先固态后半固态法等４种不同发酵方法进行了比较，结果以先固态后半固态的发酵方法效果最佳。     

Effect of fatty acids on poly-amine contents and Na+/H+antiport activity in PM vesi-cles isolated from roots ofbarley under salt stress

With 200 mmol/L NaCI treatment on barleycultivar "Jian 4" (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. J4) seedlings for6 d, the contents of covalently and noncovalently conjugatedpolyamines (PAs) and activities of H+-ATPase in plasmamembrane (PM) vesicles isolated from the roots decreasedremarkably. Moreover, the activity of Na+/H+ antiport wasdetected first in PM vesicles. The results showed that thedecrease in the contents of membrane phospholipid, nonco-valently conjugated PAs and activity of H+-ATPase caused byNaCl could be restored partially by application of 1 mmol/Lstearic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2), and C18:2 wasmore effective than C16:0. In addition, a reduction in the con-tents of covalently conjugated PAs was only reversed par-tially in the presence of C18:2. Furthermore, Na+/H+ antiportactivity was strengthened by exogenous C16:0 and C18:2, andC18a was more effective than C16:0. The correlative analysissuggested that, after application of C16:0 and C18:2 under saltstress, there was a significant positive correlation existingamong phospholipid content, noncovalently conjugated PAlevels, H+-ATPase activities and Na+/H+ antiport activities,indicating that one of the mitigative mechanisms of exoge-nous fatty acids on salt injury was to improve membranephospholipid and PA contents, leading to an enhance inmembrane integrity and a change in charge status of PMvesicles, so the activity of membrane-associated enzymeH+-ATPase was increased and synthesis of Na+/H+ antiportprotein was activated.