唐代的私授及其教育资源

私授是开天至长庆年间伴生于古文运动的一种精英教育,拥有较为优质的教育资源,教育成效显著,是当时士子尤其庶民士子科举晋身的重要途径。然而,庶民阶层社会资源的严重不足,影响了自身利用私授诸种优质教育、社会资源的水平,虽然受业者以庶民士子居多,藉此科举晋身者却是广义士族子弟略占优势。     

Biodegradable aromatic copolyesters made from bicyclic acetalized galactaric acid

Random poly(hexamethylene terephthalate‐co‐galactarate)s and poly(dodecamethylene terephthalate‐co‐galactarate)s copolyesters covering the whole range of compositions were obtained with weight‐average molecular weights of ～30,000–50,000 g mol^?1 by melt polycondensation. They were thermally stable above 300 °C, and displayed T_g in the +20 to ?20 °C range with values steadily decreasing with the content in galactarate units. All the copolyesters were semicrystalline with T_m between 50 and 150 °C and those made from dodecanediol were able to crystallize from the melt at a crystallization rate depending on composition. Copolyesters containing up to 50% of galactaric units retained the crystal structure of their respective polyterephthalate homopolyesters, whereas they adopted the structure of the respective polygalactarates when the content in Galx units reached 70%. Stress‐strain essays revealed decay in the mechanical parameters as the aromatic units were replaced by Galx. Incubation in aqueous buffer revealed that hydrolysis of the polyesters were largely enhanced by copolymerization and evidenced the capacity of the Galx unit for making aromatic polyesters susceptible to biodegradation. A detailed NMR analysis complemented by SEM observations indicated that hydrolysis took place by preferred splitting of galactarate ester bonds with releasing of alkanediol and Galx‐diacid. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

国外流域水资源配置模型研究进展

对国外水资源配置模型研究进行了综述，总结了水资源配置模型研究发展的趋势，即单目标模型向多目标模型发展，模拟与优化模型相结合，以及不确定性和模糊优化模型的建立．建议开发多目标、多层次、多用户、群决策的流域水资源优化配置模型系统，为流域水资源合理配置与科学管理实践提供科学的决策依据。     

轻度弱智儿童工作记忆特点的初步分析

目的探讨轻度弱智儿童工作记忆能力损害的特点及其心理机制。方法采用仿制Smith的工作记忆软件,对秦巴山区部分已确诊轻度弱智儿童及正常儿童做工作记忆测验。结果两类儿童各种信息加工材料的工作记忆结果差异极显著。提示轻度弱智儿童普遍存在着工作记忆力的损害,在一般工作记忆能量与特殊工作记忆资源方面,可能也存在不同程度的损害。结论工作记忆测验可作为区分轻度弱智儿童有效的智力筛查工具。     

水资源利用与城市可持续发展——贵州省山区城市水资源问题与城市规划应对

水资源是人类赖以生存和发展的基本资源,城市作为人类生产和生活的聚集体,与水资源的关系尤为密切。而城市规划在合理配置资源,引导城市健康、有序、持续发展方面起着重要的作用。本文以贵州省为例,探讨水资源与城市规划的关系,进而探索在城市规划中应对水资源问题的有效方法。     

唐代的村坊学校及其教育资源

村坊学校主要为村坊下层民众包括商户家的学童提供基础性教育。学校办学条件一般较差,教师队伍严重不足且素质普遍较低,教学水平不高,教育资源极度贫乏。在读书入仕形式机会平等的科举时代,村坊学校教育资源的先天不足,导致庶民士子输在了起跑线上,成为影响唐代社会阶层垂直流动的重要制约因素之一。     

Evaluating impacts of fish stock enhancement and biodiversity conservation actions on the livelihoods of small‐scale fishers on the Beijiang River,China

Inappropriate development and overexploitation have seriously degraded aquatic resources in China. Stakeholders identified three fish stock enhancement and biodiversity conservation scenarios for the Beijiang River: S1, increased fish restocking; S2, no fishing season and habitat conservation; and S3, strict pollution control. Potential impacts of these actions on the livelihoods of fishers were evaluated using applied economic modeling. Baseline costs and benefits came from logbooks from 30 fishers and a survey of 90 households in three villages. The financial net benefit for a household was US$1583 (￥11,160) annually, representing a 142% and 387% return on capital and operating costs, respectively. Larger catches associated with S1 and S2 generated a net benefit of US$1651 and US$1822, respectively. Strict pollution control resulting in higher catches (+20%) and lower operating costs (?20%) would increase the net benefit by 15.9% to US$1835 annually. Pollution control would benefit other resource users and is a prerequisite for ecological restoration. Recommendations for Resource Managers

• Stringent pollution control measures are essential to conserve aquatic biodiversity and enhance the livelihoods of fishers but will require considerable public and private sector investment.
• Enhanced fish stocks in the Beijiang River could benefit poor livelihoods but may not be sufficient to lift households out of poverty, aged fishers require government assistance to diversify their livelihoods, access alternative urban employment, and survive with dignity.
• Adopting the economic modeling approach presented here could enable responsible authorities to simultaneously evaluate fish stock enhancement and biodiversity conservation options.
• Broader application of the approach presented here could help ensure small‐scale inland fisheries are managed sustainably and aquatic ecosystems are restored and protected by 2020, in line with Target 6 of the United Nations’ Convention on Biological Diversity Strategic Plan for Biodiversity.

     

高职院校混合式教学改革的实践及思考--以浙江省级精品在线开放课程《国际金融实务》为例

随着"互联网+"教育对教学的广泛影响,开发建设数字化教学资源、实施线上线下相结合的混合式教学已成为高职院校课程建设、教学改革的发展方向。浙江省级精品在线开放课程《国际金融实务》混合式教学改革的实践表明,混合式教学模式能够实现激发学生学习兴趣、拓展课堂教学时间和空间、提升课堂教学互动、促进学生个性化自主学习、带动欠发达地区高职院校教学水平提升等效果。着眼未来发展,混合式教学改革还需从完善线上线下整体教学设计、完善教师建设应用在线课程的激励机制、完善在线课程建设应用的考核机制、教育行政主管部门加强顶层设计避免多平台重复建设等方面进一步推进,优化混合式教学改革的应用效果。     

Neural network modeling of hydrological systems: A review of implementation techniques

This paper presents a review of procedural steps and implementation techniques used in the development of artificial intelligence models, generally referred to as artificial neural networks (ANNs), within the water resources domain. It focusses on identifying different areas wherein ANNs have found application thereby elucidating its advantages and disadvantages as well as various challenges encountered in its use. Results from this review provide useful insights into how the performance of ANNs can be improved and potential areas of application that are yet to be explored in hydrological modeling. Recommendations for Resource Managers

• Development of integrated and hybrid artificial intelligent tools is critical to achieving improved forecasts in hydrological modeling studies.

• Further research into comprehending the internal mechanisms of neural networks is required to obtain a practical meaning of each network component deployed to solve real‐world problems.

• More robust optimization techniques and tools like differential evolution, particle swarm optimization and deep neural nets, are yet to be fully explored in the water resources analysis, and should be given more attention to enhance neural networks aptitude for modeling complex and nonlinear hydrological processes.

     

充分利用网络资源 补充实体馆藏不足

介绍了网上信息资源的特点,从馆藏资源不足、信息需求量大、知识更新快以及阅读习惯和阅读方式的改变等方面谈了开发网上信息资源的必要性和可能性,阐述了开发网上资源应遵循的原则,提出了图书馆开发提供网上信息资源的具体方法.