The start-up of biohydrogen-producing process by bioaugmentation in the EGSB reactor

Expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and bioaugmentation were employed to investigate biohydrogen production with molasses wastewater. The start-up experiments consisted of two stages. In the first stage (0～24d) seeded with activated sludge, the butyric acid type-fermentation formed when the initial expanding rate, organic loading rate (OLR), the initial redox potential (ORP) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 10%, 10.0 kg COD/(m3·d), - 215 mV and 6.7 h, respectively. At the beginning of the second stage on day 25, the novel hydrogen-producing fermentative bacterial strain B49 (AF481148 in EMBL) were inoculated into the reactor under the condition of OLR 16. 0 kg COD/(m3·d), ORP and HRT about - 139 mV and 6.7 h, respectively, and then the reaction system transformed to ethanol-type fermentation gradually with the increase in OLR. When OLR, ORP and HRT were about 94.3 kg COD/(m3·d), -250 mV and 1.7 h, respectively, the system achieved the maximum hydrogen-producing rate of 282.6 mL H2/L reactor· h and hydrogen percentage of 51%～53% in the biogas.     

Postdiagenetic Changes in Kerogen Properties and Type by Bacterial Oxidation and Dehydrogenation

A significant part of organic carbon found on the earth is deposited as fossil organic matter in the lithosphere. The most important reservoir of carbon is shale rocks enriched with organic matter in the form of kerogen created during diagenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the bacterial communities currently inhabiting the shale rocks have had any impact on the properties and type of kerogen. We used the shale rock located on the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, which is characterized by oil-prone kerogen type II. We were able to show that shale rock inhabited by bacterial communities are characterized by oxidized and dehydrated kerogen type III (gas-prone) and type IV (nonproductive, residual, and hydrogen-free). Bacterial communities inhabiting shale rock were dominated by heterotrophs of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria phyla. Additionally, we detected a number of protein sequences in the metaproteomes of bacterial communities matched with enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which may potentially contribute to the postdiagenetic oxidation and dehydrogenation of kerogen. The kerogen transformation contributes to the mobilization of fossil carbon in the form of extractable bitumen dominated by oxidized organic compounds.     

辣椒细菌性斑点病病原的鉴定及药剂防治试验

１９８８～１９９０年从石河子辣椒病叶上分离到１７个菌株，经形态学特征、染色反应、培养性状、生理生化特性、致病性等测定，确定这１７个菌株为油菜黄单胞菌疱斑致病变种即Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓｐｖ．ｖｅｓｉｃａｔｏｒｉａ（Ｄｏｉｄｇｅ）Ｄｏｗｓｏｎ。选用５种药剂分１０个浓度，经室内药效测定和田间药剂喷洒试验，其中以硫酸链霉素和ＣＴ效果最好。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)基因组细菌双杂交系统的构建

细菌双杂交系统是新近建立的一种研究蛋白质间相互作用的方法.应用细菌双杂交系统,分别以pBT、pTRG诱饵质粒构建编码WSSV基因组DNA随机片段的融合表达质粒pBT-wssv、pTRG-wssv.重组质粒共转化双杂交报告菌株XLl-Blue MRF′,通过LB-TCK平板筛选对虾白斑综合征病毒中有相互作用的蛋白质.本研究中我们构建了WSSV基因组细菌双杂交系统,用于筛选WSSV中有相互作用的蛋白,为该病毒功能基因组的研究打下良好的基础.     

新型细菌幽灵疫苗的研究进展

细菌幽灵是革兰氏阴性菌被噬菌体PhiX174的裂解基因E裂解后形成的完整细菌空壳,可以作为一种候选疫苗.细菌幽灵是一种新的研发疫苗的策略,其本身所具有的佐剂性质可以加强免疫反应,包括T细胞的活化和黏膜免疫.因为细菌幽灵本身的和外源的抗原可以在细菌裂解之前就表达于膜复合物的表面,所以不同来源的抗原可以同时通过细菌幽灵呈递给免疫系统.细菌幽灵具有多种优势,包括生产方便、安全和可作为多价联合疫苗.     

Establishment of The Power—Time Curve Equation of Bacterial Growth in the Log Phase

The power-time curves of two species of bacteria, Vibro metschnikovii, Vibro bollisae were determined calorimetrically by using a 2277 bioactivity monitor. The power-time curve equation of bacterial growth in the log phase can be expressed as

废水处理系统中功能菌株特异分子标记

用40条10碱基随机引物对油脂化工废水处理系统中分离到的降解脂肪酸和脂肪胺功能菌株FA-2。FA-3及对照菌株进行RAPD分析。筛选出长度为700bp的FA-2的特异性片段,并克隆到pMD 18-T载体上．根据测序结果,设计了1对SCAR(sequence characterized anlplfied region)引物,通过SCAR-PCR反应,获得SCAR标记,并通过对20个培养样品进行PCR扩增,验证了标记特异性．结果表明该标记可作为特异的分子标记用于污水处理系统中功能菌株FA-2的监测．     

Biocompatibility of poly(carbonate urethane)s with various degrees of nanophase separation

Nanophase separation has been suggested to influence the biological performance of polyurethane. In a previous work, six different 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)-based poly(carbonate urethane)s (PCUs) that exhibited various degrees of nanophase separation were synthesized and characterized. In the present work, these PCUs were used as a model system to study the effect of nanometric structures on the biocompatibility of polyurethane. Human blood platelet activation, monocyte activation, protein adsorption, and bacterial adhesion on PCU were investigated in vitro. It was found that human blood platelets as well as monocytes were less activated on the PCU surfaces with a greater degree of nanophase separation in general. This phenomenon was closely associated with the lower ratio of human fibrinogen/albumin competitively adsorbed on these surfaces. Bacterial adhesion was also inhibited in some nanophase-separated PCUs. [diagram in text].     

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic study of the interactions of selenium species with living bacterial cells

A study of the interactions of several selenium species with living bacterial cells was carried out by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Bacterial cells consisted of an Escherichia coli strain (K-12) cultivated in a growth medium based on glucose contaminated with selenium species. Equilibrium between the analyte in the solution and the extraction medium was established, and then the effects of selenium species upon the external membrane of the living bacterial cells were characterized by performing FT-IR spectroscopy of whole cells. The presence of the toxicants at various concentrations in the culture medium had an effect on the FT-IR spectra, and the concentration of the selenium species was determined directly in the biomass by FT-IR spectroscopy. The intensity ratios between several absorption lines, which varied as a function of the concentration of the selenium species, were used as the analytical signal.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.