鳜细菌性烂鳃病的组织及细胞超微结构观察

从亚显微结构观察患有由柱状屈桡杆菌引起的鳜烂鳃病的鳃、肝、肾组织和细胞的病变情况,结果表明：鳃、肝、肾组织和细胞均发生严重病变,其中鳃组织细胞发生大面积坏死;肝、肾病变相对较轻,存在不同程度的病变,细胞从肿胀,变性及坏死解体,坏死的细胞少见。     

基于细菌纤维素模板制备二氧化硅纳米管

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料、细菌纤维素为模板制备了高产率、尺寸均匀、超大长径比、具有较稳定宏观形貌的二氧化硅纳米管.借助透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热失重(TGA)等分析方法对样品进行表征,探讨二氧化硅纳米管的形成机理,并考察实验条件对二氧化硅纳米管的产率和形貌等的影响.结果表明:低浓度的硅源、催化剂与较低的焙烧温度,有利于得到分散性良好的SiO2纳米管网络结构.     

改进的细菌觅食算法

为提高细菌觅食算法的性能, 将免疫算法与细菌觅食算法融合, 利用免疫算法的克隆选择思想代替细菌觅食算法的复制操作; 在趋向性操作中, 随着迭代的进行, 逐步缩小细菌运动步长, 在保证细菌收敛性的同时增强细菌的全局搜索性能; 改进迁移操作, 保证适应度值最高的细菌不被驱散, 以提高收敛精度。仿真表明,优化后的算法得到最优值比BFA(Bacterial Foraging Algorithm)的最优值更靠近函数的最优值, 证明其寻优能力更强, 且3 个函数的方差均小于BFA 的方差, 证明其稳定性也更好。     

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Select Intermediates and Natural Products of the Desferrioxamine E Siderophore Pathway

The NIS synthetase family of enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of siderophores is increasingly associated with bacterial virulence. Proteins in this class represent outstanding potential drug targets, assuming that basic biochemical and structural characterizations can be completed. Towards this goal, we have mated an improved synthesis of the non-commercial amino acid N-hydroxy-N-succinylcadaverine (HSC, 6) with an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay that profiles the iterative stages of HSC trimerization and macrocyclization by NIS synthetase DesD from Streptomyces coelicolor. HSC synthesis begins with multigram-scale Gabrielle and tert-butyl N-(benzyloxy)carbamate alkylations of 1-bromo-5-chloropentane following prior literature, but the end-game reported herein has two advantages for greater material throughput: (1) hydrogenolysis of benzyl ether and Cbz blocking groups is best accomplished with Pearlman’s catalyst at 40 psi of H₂ and (2) purification of neutral (zwitterionic) HSC is effected by simple flash chromatography over silica gel in MeOH. HSC is subsequently shown to be a substrate for NIS synthetase DesD, which catalyzes three successive amide bond syntheses via adenyl monophosphate ester intermediates. We quantify and present the iterative and overall enzyme kinetic constants associated with formation of the cyclotrimeric siderophore desferrioxamine E (dfoE, 1).     

GC-MS Analysis and Microbiological Evaluation of Caraway Essential Oil as a Virulence Attenuating Agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The emergence of resistant microbes threatens public health on our planet, and the emergence of resistant bacteria against the most commonly used antibiotics necessitates urgent alternative therapeutic options. One way to fight resistant microbes is to design new antimicrobial agents, however, this approach takes decades of research. An alternative or parallel approach is to target the virulence of bacteria with natural or synthetic agents. Active constituents from medicinal plants represent a wide library to screen for natural anti-virulence agents. Caraway is used as a traditional spice and in some medicinal applications such as carminative, antispasmodic, appetizer, and expectorant. Caraway essential oil is rich in terpenes that were previously reported to have antimicrobial activities. In our study, we tested the caraway essential oil in sub-inhibitory concentration as a virulence agent against the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Caraway essential oil in sub-inhibitory concentration dramatically blocked protease activity, pyocyanin production, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing activity of P. aeruginosa. The gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of caraway fruit oil identified 13 compounds representing 85.4% of the total oil components with carvone and sylvestrene as the main constituents. In conclusion, caraway essential oil is a promising virulence-attenuating agent that can be used against topical infections caused by P. aeruginosa.     

细菌纤维素组织工程支架的仿生矿化研究

骨骼创伤已经成为当今影响人类健康的一大病症。因此,骨修复材料就成为研究的一大热点。骨组织工程支架作为重要的骨修复材料,可以诱导成骨细胞生长并为新骨生长提供条件。传统的骨组织工程支架包括合成高分子(如聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸等)和天然高分子(如胶原、壳聚糖等)。与传统支架材料相比,细菌纤维素(BC)具有良好的生物相容性、精细的纳米空间三维网络结构,有作为组织工程支架的潜能。通过仿生矿化处理,BC纳米纤维表面可以生长出羟基磷灰石(HA)的晶体颗粒,且HA颗粒均匀覆盖在纳米纤维表面。通过热分析得出,仿生矿化处理会使BC的热稳定性得到一定的提升。     

微生物肥料若干基本问题的探讨

针对我国目前菌肥研究和生产中存在的问题，介绍自己的看法与经验，建议：充分利用我国气候带多、微生态环境多样造就的丰富的微生物种质资源，希望菌肥工作者立足国内，自己取样筛选菌株；引入外国菌株要择优而购；取样靶区扩大，甚至扩大到无植物区要将主要注意力扩大到真菌；要选择合理的工艺流程和剂型；建立“微生物肥料与农药管理局”。     

管网水常规水质指标变化规律及其对悬浮菌生长的影响

试验研究了配水管网中常规水质指标随输水距离延长的变化规律以及与细菌再生长的相互关系。随着输水距离的增长,管网水中HPC明显升高,基本保持在104CFU/mL;管网水浊度有所升高,pH值变化较小;余氯量明显下降,水温越高,余氯量下降越快;小管径管道中余氯下降快,管壁生物膜是造成余氯消耗的主要因素。余氯量是控制管网水中悬浮菌再生长的主要常规水质指标,pH值、水温等对细菌再生长影响较小。     

铜在钢中的作用综述

综合论述了铜在钢中的作用,包括铜引起的钢的脆性——铜脆,以及铜在钢中的各种有益应用:利用铜的耐腐蚀性能开发的较为成熟的含铜耐候钢系列,含铜抗菌不锈钢系列,以及近年来国内外开发出的一些含铜新钢种。铜不但是动物和植物所必须的微量元素,而且在铜制品表面各种微生物和细菌不易存活,对人类、对环境是非常有益处的,因此,开发含铜钢具有十分广阔的发展前景。     

柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea相关可培养细菌抗污活性筛选

用4种不同培养基分离纯化柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea中的相关可培养细菌。对获得的90株细菌,先用4株海洋污损指示菌进行活性初筛,获得11株具有抑制海洋污损指示菌生长的细菌后,再用2种抗海洋污损生物幼虫进行活性复筛,复筛得到5株对海洋污损生物幼虫附着有抑制活性的细菌。这5株细菌经16SrRNA基因序列分析,确定其系统发育地位为芽胞杆菌属（Bacillussp．）。