地球静止轨道远程交会过程导航性能评估

远程交会是静止轨道共位卫星自主定点置入的关键途径。针对远程交会过程中大距离跨度下相对运动模型的误差信号特性,理论推导了误差的传递机理,给出了相对导航EKF算法期望及噪声特性的定量分析模型。研究表明,确定距离区间存在最优过程噪声量级及其对应的最优滤波性能,且滤波误差与交会距离正相关,可作为全局最优滤波器的定量设计依据,解决了静止轨道远程交会过程EKF导航算法性能的量化评估问题。仿真表明,分析结论正确,相对速度滤波误差全程优于0.005 m/s(1σ),满足交会任务需求。     

影响中国学生英语自主学习的文化因素探究——对比中美大学生在外语自主学习上的差异

我国高校目前倡导英语自主学习,但效果究竟怎样还没有明确的结论。利用在美国JMU作访问学者的机会,对美国学生做了一些关于外语自主学习的问卷调查。通过与国内学生同样的问卷调查相对比,试图在中西文化因素差异方面解析中国学生自主学习时所受到的文化影响。调查发现,中美大学生在自主学习上存在文化差异。虽然英语自主学习是大学英语教学的大势所趋,但对中国学生而言,需循序渐进。最后,就所提出的影响中国学生英语自主学习的文化因素问题提出了相应的解决对策。     

基于Leader-follower的自主车辆跟随控制器设计

为解决自主车辆的跟随控制中误差系统的稳定性问题, 基于Leader鄄follower 法设计了车辆跟随控制器。对自主车辆进行运动学建模, 采用Leader鄄follower 模型描述车辆跟随结构, 用L鄄渍控制方法建立车辆跟随误差系统, 设计跟随车辆的速度控制器, 以实现跟随车辆对领航车辆的稳定跟随。通过Matlab 仿真实验结果证明,该控制器使误差最终收敛到0, 能达到跟随控制的目的。     

Wetting for self-healing and electrowetting for additive manufacturing

Advanced additive manufacturing actively widens its tool box of wettability-related phenomena to be used in production of new items. Novel self-healing engineering materials incorporate vascular networks with two types of nanochannels: the one containing a resin monomer, whereas another one — a curing agent. If such nanocomposites are damaged locally, both types of channels are locally broken, and they release resin monomer and curing agent droplets. These droplets spread by wettability over the nanotextured matrix, touch each other, and coalesce, which triggers polymerization reaction and crack stitching. Wettability-facilitated droplet spreading is accompanied by liquid imbibition in the pores in the nanofiber network. Such process peculiarities are in focus in the present review. An additional process relevant in direct writing and 3D printing is electrowetting (EW). It stems from the change in the contact angle in response to the electric polarization of dielectric substrates. EW allows movement of droplets on horizontal, vertical, and inverse surfaces, which can significantly facilitate the existing direct writing and 3D printing technologies. Accordingly, EW is also in focus in the present review.     

Actuating Shape Memory Polymer for Thermoresponsive Soft Robotic Gripper and Programmable Materials

For soft robotics and programmable metamaterials, novel approaches are required enabling the design of highly integrated thermoresponsive actuating systems. In the concept presented here, the necessary functional component was obtained by polymer syntheses. First, poly(1,10-decylene adipate) diol (PDA) with a number average molecular weight M_n of 3290 g·mol⁻¹ was synthesized from 1,10-decanediol and adipic acid. Afterward, the PDA was brought to reaction with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. The resulting polyester urethane (PEU) was processed to the filament, and samples were additively manufactured by fused-filament fabrication. After thermomechanical treatment, the PEU reliably actuated under stress-free conditions by expanding on cooling and shrinking on heating with a maximum thermoreversible strain of 16.1%. Actuation stabilized at 12.2%, as verified in a measurement comprising 100 heating-cooling cycles. By adding an actuator element to a gripper system, a hen’s egg could be picked up, safely transported and deposited. Finally, one actuator element each was built into two types of unit cells for programmable materials, thus enabling the design of temperature-dependent behavior. The approaches are expected to open up new opportunities, e.g., in the fields of soft robotics and shape morphing.     

风险投资制度创新分析——基于“种子期”投资的研究

随着国际竞争的日益激烈,我国提出了建立以企业为主体的技术创新体系,并指出现阶段我国企业进行自主创新具有重要意义。创新活动具有高投入、高风险、高收益的特点,需要大量的资金支持,伴随着高新技术产业的产生而产生的风险投资可以提供这种资金支持。但是目前我国风险投资对企业"种子期"的投入不够,使我国企业自主创新能力不强,随着我国经济的发展,加强"种子期"投资不仅是我国高技术产业发展的要求也是风险投资发展到一定阶段的必然选择。因此现阶段必须从国家和风险投资企业两个层面采取措施以加强"种子期"投资。     

Multiscale characterization and constitutive parameters identification of polyamide (PA12) processed via selective laser sintering

This study is focused on multiscale characterization and constitutive parameters identification of selectively laser sintered PA12 specimens. The process parameters and change in crystallinity due to 3D printing were identified via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tension, compression, shear, flexural and fracture tests performed on samples fabricated, both in 0° and 90° directions reveal that the tensile toughness of samples printed in 0° orientation, outperform samples printed in 90° orientation by an average of 24%. Cryogenically fractured samples were analyzed via SEM and micro-computed tomography to analyze 2D/3D defects and correlate the microstructure with macroscopic properties. The constitutive parameters for a strain-rate and temperature-dependent Three Network (TN) material model were identified using the measured mechanical properties. Furthermore, mechanical response of micro-architected Kelvin lattice structure was analyzed by Finite Element Method employing the TN constitutive model and the predictions were corroborated with measurements.     

The effect of short glass fibers on the process behavior of polyamide 12 during selective laser beam melting

In additive manufacturing, polymer composites are used for setting tailored properties. Short glass fibers can be used as fillers for polyamide 12 for enhancing stiffness or tensile strength as well as for reducing shrinkage. In this paper, the effects of short glass fibers on polyamide 12 concerning powder properties, process behavior and part properties in laser beam melting of polymers (SLS) are investigated. It could be shown that by increasing the short glass fiber content powder properties as well as part properties are immensely affected. By adding glass fibers, powder properties, like flowability and diffuse reflection decrease. The isothermal crystallization changes resulting in a narrower processing window. Concerning mechanical properties, short glass fibers allow for a higher stiffness until a critical limit of filler concentration within this study is reached, after which the tensile strength decreases. The elongation of break decreases by rising the filler content.     

Mechanical study on the impact of an effective solvent support-removal methodology for FDM Ultem 9085 parts

The use of support material to produce Fused Deposition Modeling parts is often unavoidable. The support removal task tends to be laborious and time-consuming when no soluble support materials are available, which is the case of the high-performance thermoplastic Ultem™ 9085. This paper investigates the effect of different solvent/solvent mixtures on Ultem’s mechanical properties with the aim to identify a solvent capable of dissolving its support material (a polysulfone) without noticeably damaging the model material. To do so, initial solubility tests have helped narrow the list of solvent candidates. These have been followed by infrared analyses to identify the presence of dissolved polymers in the media, as well as scanning electron microscope micrographs to analyze the surface topography of the treated parts. Finally, tensile and flexural tests have permitted to quantify the change on Ultem’s mechanical properties as a function of the treatment time. Major findings include a reproducible method for softening or eliminating Ultem’s support material with non-significant changes in their mechanical properties. The outcome of this work represents a first step on the lookout for a solution to facilitate the removal of polysulfone and is considered of great interest for the scientific community due to the rise of Ultem as a structural material.