The regulation of microRNA in each of cancer stage from two different ethnicities as potential biomarker for breast cancer

miRNA has recently emerged as a potential biomarker for breast cancer. Even though many studies have identified ethnic variation affecting miRNA regulation, the effect of cancer stage within specific ethnicities on miRNA epigenetic remains unclear. The present study is designed to investigate miRNA regulation from two distinct ethnicities in specific cancer stages (non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black) using the TCGA dataset. Differentially expressed miRNAs were calculated by using the edgeR package. miRNAs with the highest or lowest log fold Change from each cancer stage were selected as a potential biomarker. miRNA-gene interaction was analyzed by using spearman correlation analysis, CLUEGO, and DIANA-mirpath. The association of biomarker candidates with diagnostic and prognostic performance was assessed using ROC and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. miRNA-gene interaction analysis revealed the involvement of selected miRNAs in cancer progression. From eleven selected aberrant miRNAs, four of the miRNAs (hsa-mir-495, hsa-mir-592, hsa-mir-6501, and hsa-mir-937) are significantly detrimental to breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Hence, our result provides valuable information to explore miRNA’s role in each cancer stage between non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black.     

新农村建设中农村电网建设的探讨

为了解决新农村建设中农村用电水平的不断提高,特别是随着农村经济水平的不断发展,当前实际运行中农村配电网已出现的诸如网络损耗较大而导致供电成本过高、供电可靠性较低、供电电压和频率不满足要求等问题,作者通过对一个典型的农村电网的潮流进行分析,从网络的整体规划布局到局部的输配电设备(如:线路、变压器及无功补偿装置等)方面提出了关于降低网络损耗、提高电压质量和可靠性的具体措施.通过对改建前后的线损率和电压合格率进行计算,表明笔者所提出的方法对现有农村电网改造是有效的.最后,提出了农村电网的发展趋势.     

Exact Finite-Dimensional Filter for Exponential Functionals of the State of Beneš Systems

The purpose of this article is to derive finite-dimensional filters for exponential functionals of the state of nonlinear Bene? type filtering systems with correlated noises. These new filters can be applied in the state reconstruction of doubly–stochastic auto–regressive processes.     

Tiling solutions for optimal biological sensing

Biological systems, from cells to organisms, must respond to the ever-changing environment in order to survive and function. This is not a simple task given the often random nature of the signals they receive, as well as the intrinsically stochastic, many-body and often self-organized nature of the processes that control their sensing and response and limited resources. Despite a wide range of scales and functions that can be observed in the living world, some common principles that govern the behavior of biological systems emerge. Here I review two examples of very different biological problems: information transmission in gene regulatory networks and diversity of adaptive immune receptor repertoires that protect us from pathogens. I discuss the trade-offs that physical laws impose on these systems and show that the optimal designs of both immune repertoires and gene regulatory networks display similar discrete tiling structures. These solutions rely on locally non-overlapping placements of the responding elements (genes and receptors) that, overall, cover space nearly uniformly.     

Interfacial Strain Release from the WS2/CsPbBr3 van der Waals Heterostructure for 1.7 V Voltage All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite lattice distortion induced by residual tensile strain from the thermal expansion mismatch between the electron-transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite film causes a sluggish charge extraction and transfer dynamics in all-inorganic CsPbBr₃ perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of their higher crystallization temperatures and thermal expansion coefficients. Herein, the interfacial strain is released by fabricating a WS₂/CsPbBr₃ van der Waals heterostructure owing to their matched crystal lattice structure and the atomically smooth dangling bond-free surface to act as a lubricant between ETL and CsPbBr₃ perovskite. Arising from the strain-released interface and condensed perovskite lattice, the best device achieves an efficiency of 10.65 % with an ultrahigh open-circuit voltage of 1.70 V and significantly improved stability under persistent light irradiation and humidity (80 %) attack over 120 days.     

基于上转换纳米粒子的低损伤神经界面技术

Optogenetics is a neuromodulation technology that combines light control technology with genetic technology, thus allowing the selective activation and inhibition of the electrical activity in specific types of neurons with millisecond time resolution. Over the past several years, optogenetics has become a powerful tool for understanding the organization and functions of neural circuits, and it holds great promise to treat neurological disorders. To date, the excitation wavelengths of commonly employed opsins in optogenetics are located in the visible spectrum. This poses a serious limitation for neural activity regulation because the intense absorption and scattering of visible light by tissues lead to the loss of excitation light energy and also cause tissue heating. To regulate the activity of neurons in deep brain regions, it is necessary to implant optical fibers or optoelectronic devices into target brain areas, which however can induce severe tissue damage. Non- or minimally-invasive remote control technologies that can manipulate neural activity have been highly desirable in neuroscience research. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can emit light with a short wavelength and high frequency upon excitation by light with a long wavelength and low frequency. Therefore, UCNPs can convert low-frequency near-infrared (NIR) light into high-frequency visible light for the activation of light-sensitive proteins, thus indirectly realizing the NIR optogenetic system. Because NIR light has a large tissue penetration depth, UCNP-mediated optogenetics has attracted significant interest for deep-tissue neuromodulation. However, in UCNP-mediated in vivo optogenetic experiments, as the up-conversion efficiency of UCNPs is low, it is generally necessary to apply high-power NIR light to obtain up-converted fluorescence with energy high enough to activate a photosensitive protein. High-power NIR light can cause thermal damage to tissues, which seriously restricts the applications of UCNPs in optogenetic technology. Therefore, the exploration of strategies to increase the up-conversion efficiency, fluorescence intensity, and biocompatibility of UCNPs is of great significance to their wide applications in optogenetic systems. This review summarizes recent developments and challenges in UCNP-mediated optogenetics for deep-brain neuromodulation. We firstly discuss the correspondence between the parameters of UCNPs and employed opsins in optogenetic experiments, which mainly include excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths, and luminescent lifetimes. Thereafter, we introduce the methods to enhance the conversion efficiency of UCNPs, including optimizing the structure of UCNPs and modifying the organic dyes in UCNPs. In addition, we also discuss the future opportunities in combining UCNP-mediated optogenetics with flexible microelectrode technology for the long-term detection and regulation of neural activity in the case of minimal injury.     

超高分子量聚乙烯烧结制品的链缠结调控及其对性能影响

利用新的单中心Ziegler-Natta(Z-N)催化剂,通过干预分子链的生长与聚集行为,可获得低缠结的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)初生树脂.本研究利用这类低缠结UHMWPE,通过设置不同的烧结温度(Ts)来改变熔体缠结状态,并探讨了链缠结程度对烧结制品结构与性能的影响.实验结果表明TS=220℃下,UHMWPE样品发生显著的复缠,造成高缠结度;而Ts=170℃下,初始低缠结状态能够得以充分保留,从而获得了缠结度具有明显差别的不同样品.示差扫描量热法(DSC)测试表明,在Ts=170℃下,低缠结度有利于在随后等温及冷却结晶过程中生成高熔点(最高达141℃)晶体与高的结晶度(最高达65%).力学测试表明低缠结度制品的综合力学性能显著提升,其中屈服强度提高72%,拉伸断裂强度提升139%,弹性模量提升162%以及断裂伸长率提升36%,实现了同时增强增韧.这就提供了一种从调节链缠结温度实现UHMWPE烧结制品高性能化的新思路.     

基于PID神经网络自动换挡过程油门调速

提出了一种在AMT换挡过程中运用PID神经网络进行油门调速的方法.通过台架实验,建立了东风康明斯EQB235-20柴油发动机的油门实验模型,同时在Matlab平台上对PID神经网络进行训练,使其输出逼近理想油门实验模型.将训练后的PID神经网络移植入ECU,进行发动机调速实验.实验表明,PID神经网络有响应速度快、鲁棒性好、收敛特性好的特点,提高了车辆的自适应能力.     

海洋有害赤潮调控功能菌的发现与研究

近年来,赤潮的微生物调控研究受到了科学界的高度重视,"以菌治藻"的赤潮调控理念格外引人注目.先从国内外抑/杀藻菌及其作用方式的研究进展进行论述,再结合本课题组近年来筛选获得的海洋抑/杀藻细菌,探讨该类菌质资源的发掘与利用,最后对该领域研究进行了展望.     

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)的起源与进化概述

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)是免疫球蛋白超基因家族中的一个大类,MHC分子作为个体标志抗原早已为大家所熟悉,因而在脊椎动物进化中扮演着不可替代的角色.到目前为止,我们已经完成了包括从真兽亚纲(胎盘动物)到非哺乳动物的部分物种,包括鸟类、硬骨鱼及软骨鱼(如鲨鱼)的MHC的基因结构图,但是由于在非哺乳动物和哺乳动物中MHC的基因结构和复杂度不一样,所以很难对非哺乳动物向哺乳动物进化的这一时间段进行有效的进化史或系统演化史研究.研究人员推测,原始MHC分子的进化最初是与发育调控需求相关的,就其进化机制及进化意义做一综述.