国人颞骨内主要骨管的形态观测及其临床意义

目的:为颞骨骨管内结构疾病的影像诊断及手术治疗提供解剖学依据．方法:利用探针及游标卡尺测量各骨管的有关数据．结果:咽鼓管骨部长10．40 mm,鼓室口4．46 mm×3．58 mm,峡部开口2．31 mm× 1．45 mm;岩大神经管长13．93 mm;鼓膜张肌半管长11．86 mm;颈动脉管垂直段高7．51 mm,水平段长15．79 mm;岩磷裂长7．25 mm,鳞鼓裂长13．88 mm,岩鼓裂管长5．68 mm,岩鼓裂管颅底开口距下颌窝中央7．42 mm．结论:经乳突咽鼓管骨部手术扩张管腔时应防止损伤其毗邻结构;颅中窝手术在分离颞骨岩部前面覆盖的硬脑膜时,注意不要损伤岩大神经和膝神经节;颞下颌关节的病变通过穿行岩鼓裂管的结构可能会影响中耳的功能．     

What do your footsteps sound like? An investigation on interactive footstep sounds adjustment

This paper presents an experiment where participants were asked to adjust, while walking, the spectral content and the amplitude of synthetic footstep sounds in order to match the sounds of their own footsteps. The sounds were interactively generated by means of a shoe-based system capable of tracking footfalls and delivering real-time auditory feedback via headphones. Results allowed identification of the mean value and the range of variation of spectral centroid and peak level of footstep sounds simulating various combinations of shoe type and ground material. Results showed that the effect of ground material on centroid and peak level depended on the type of shoe. Similarly, the effect of shoe type on the two variables depended on the type of ground material. In particular, participants produced greater amplitudes for hard sole shoes than for soft sole shoes in presence of solid surfaces, while similar amplitudes for both types of shoes were found for aggregate, hybrids, and liquids. No significant correlations were found between each of the two acoustic features and participants’ body size. This result might be explained by the fact that while adjusting the sounds participants did not primarily focus on the acoustic rendering of their body. In addition, no significant differences were found between the values of the two acoustic features selected by the experimenters and those adjusted by participants. This result can therefore be considered as a measure of the goodness of the design choices to synthesize the involved footstep sounds for a generic walker. More importantly, this study showed that the relationships between the ground-shoes combinations are not changed when participants are actively walking. This represents the first active listening confirmation of this result, which had previously only been shown in passive listening studies. The results of this research can be used to design ecologically-valid auditory rendering of foot-floor interactions in virtual environments.     

应用聚类分析法确定沥青路面预防性养护方案的研究

针对以经验法制定预防性养护方案的缺陷,宜采用可量化的方法设计预防性养护方案。在深入调查预防性养护技术发展历史和研究现状的基础上,根据多年来广东省成功运用预防性养护技术的经验,提出了预防性养护方案的设计流程。将系统聚类法和动态聚类法引入该流程,给出了聚类分析法划分养护路段的具体步骤。依托实际工程项目,于2006年10月选取广东省某高速公路进行验证,设计了该高速公路2007年的养护方案,并于2007年5月得到了实施。结果表明,该流程适用于设计预防性养护方案,聚类分析法是设计预防性养护方案的有效手段。     

跟踪共振峰的小波包语音增强仿真研究

通过仿真实验,研究和分析了语音共振峰的子波时频特性,发现在各子带可跟踪并找到共振峰,结合听觉感知,提出了一种跟踪共振峰的小波包自适应阈值语音降噪新算法.该算法能拟合人耳听觉特性,紧密跟踪语音信号的能量变化,通过系数实时调节子带阈值,消噪同时能有效减少语音弱分量损失.仿真实验表明,相对较传统算法,新算法在低信噪比输入时,能有效提高增强语音的输出信噪比、保持较小的波形失真度、获得较好的听觉效果.     

虚拟听觉重放与听觉声源宽度的扩展

通过心理声学实验研究了用前方一对±45°、±60°、±75°、±90°虚拟扬声器重放不相关噪声信号,以及前方一对虚拟扬声器和真实中置扬声器同时重放不相关噪声信号时,听觉声源宽度(ASW)的扩展和均匀度.结果表明:仅用一对虚拟扬声器重放时,对中心频率为250Hz~1 kHz的倍频程噪声,ASW最宽可以扩展到±70°左右,对粉红噪声ASW最宽可以扩展到±50°左右;当一对虚拟扬声器的张角较宽时,声像扩展不均匀,出现中间空、两边强的现象;当采用虚拟扬声器和真实的中置扬声器同时重放时,中置扬声器相对于虚拟扬声器的重放声压级对ASW的宽度和均匀度都有较大的影响;通过调节中置扬声器的重放声压级可以使ASW均匀扩展到比较宽的位置.进一步的理论计算和实验测量表明:只有在IACC0(双耳信号互相关函数在t=0时的取值)0的情况下,ASW和IACC(双耳信号互相关系数的最大值)之间才具有线性负相关性;而对所有类型的重放信号,ASW和IACC0之间都具有线性负相关性.     

大倾角厚煤层条件下巷道布置改革的前景

现阶段,随着赋存条件＂优越＂煤层储量的减少,大倾角厚煤层开采逐渐得到重视。现有的大倾角厚煤层开采技术存在着一系列问题,从而导致煤矿回采率低,安全性差,成本高。针对这一情况,提出改革大倾角厚煤层巷道布置及回采工艺以解决目前实际生产中存在的一些技术难题。     

无感知音频信号数字水印技术

 从时域统计的音频信号数字水印技术出发,提出一种无感知音频信号数字水印方法,该方法以ISO/IEC11172-3(MPEG-Audio)中定义的心理声学模型作为数字水印产生的模型,使嵌入到音频信号中的水印信息最大可能地被掩蔽,保证声信号的质量.根据统计模型,检测时可在不需要原声信号的情况下对数字水印的有无作出判决.     

听觉诱发电位与声舒适度的关联性初探

为了研究声舒适度与听觉诱发电位的关系,使用诱发电位仪记录了不同频率和不同声压级刺激下的听觉诱发电位。结果表明：随着声音频率的提高,诱发电位的波峰越密集,这与声音本身的频率特性相匹配;随着声压级的增大,诱发电位幅值增大,这解释了人体主观烦恼度随着声压级增大而增加的现象。在不同频率和不同声压级刺激下,Ⅴ波较其他波形稳定,说明人体脑桥上段或中脑下端对声音特性更敏感。该研究可为不同声环境下人体声舒适度机理研究做参考。     

工作辊分段冷却小脑模型模糊控制

采用小脑模型神经网络控制方法对该系统进行了仿真试验研究，小脑模型神经网络适合处理多输入输出问题，并且具有自组织，自适应和自学习街特点，试验结果表明ＣＭＡＣ方法是有效的，可进行工业实际控制。