玉米×二倍体多年生类玉米后代的GISH分析

通过对玉米自交系旅9与二倍体多年生类玉米(Zea diploperennis,DP)远缘杂交,其杂种与玉米回交,回交一代(BC1)孤雌生殖,获得了具有DP性状的两个稳定株系a2-①和a2-⑥．对其中的外源渗入片段进行了荧光原位杂交物理定位,确定了a2-①中外源渗入片段在第1染色体长臂近束端,第2,8染色体长臂中部,以及第6染色体短臂中部．a2-⑥中外源渗入片段在第1染色体长臂近末端,第2,8染色体长臂中部．对两株系中渗入片段在染色体上的物理位置的特点,位置与抗病性之间的关系,以及可能携带有抗病基因的外源渗入片段等进行了初步的分析和讨论．     

中华大蟾蜍脊髓灰质神经元构筑和脊神经的研究

本实验对中华大蟾蜍（Bufo bufo gargarizans）脊髓灰质神经细胞构筑、脊髓节段与椎骨的对应关系、脊神经出椎管的部位等进行了初步研究．方法：动物麻醉致死,灌流固定,解剖观察,冰冻切片,中性红染色,光镜观察．结果：①脊髓灰质腹角由大、中、小三种多突起神经元构成．其神经元胞体的直径分别为20μm、11μm和8μm左右;不同脊髓节段中腹角的神经元构成数量和类型不同．脊髓灰质的背角神经元胞体直径多在8μm左右;不同脊髓节段的背角神经元构成在形态和数量上也不同．在2～6脊髓节段偶见中间带神经元,其胞体直径在7μm左右．②对脊髓节段的长度、脊髓节段与椎骨的对应关系、脊神经出椎管的部位及形态、脊神经的背根和腹根的粗细进行了观察．结论：中华大蟾蜍脊神经形态和脊髓灰质神经细胞构筑与其功能密切相关．     

基于计算听觉场景分析的语音增强改进算法

针对单通道语音增强问题,基于计算听觉场景分析(CASA)的原理,提出了一种基于CASA计算模型的语音增强改进算法。该算法在特征提取中选择了目标语音有效能量、信道互相关等特征,对语谱能量和互相关特征的阈值选取进行了改进。在5种低信噪比噪声干扰条件下的仿真实验结果证明,该算法输出增强语音的信噪比平均提高了9.32dB,有效地抑制了噪声。     

Crystallization and melting behavior of the soft and hard segments in poly(ester-ether)s. II. Ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate segmented copolymers

The crystallization behavior of a series of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment molecular weight and hard segment weight content were examined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized microscope. Combined with the comparison with the crystallization behavior of ethylene oxide-ethylene terephthalate (EOET) segmented copolymers, it can be concluded that the crystallizability of both the soft segments and the hard segments in poly(ester-ether) segmented copolymers is much worse than those of the corresponding homopolymers due to the interactions between the soft and the hard segments. The crystallizability of the soft segments is mainly determined by the soft segment molecular weight, but is weakened by the hard segments. On the other hand, the soft segments have complicated influences on the crystallization of the hard segments. The melting temperatures of the hard segments change monotonically with the average hard segment length, but the corresponding melting enthalpies will reach a maximum at an intermediate soft segment molecular weight. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2928–2940, 1999     

身管多体动力学模型研究

基于有限段思想建立身管多体动力学模型,将身管离散为有限个刚性段,每两段质心之间用一个无质量的梁连接,根据Timoshenk。梁理论确定质心间的力和力矩,考虑身管截面沿轴线的变化,采用第一类Lagrange方程推导了身管的多刚体动力学方程,并给出相应的算例,结果表明：采用身管多体动力学模型可较精确地计算火炮的炮口扰动和描述身管的振动。     

沙棘茎段组织培养体系优化研究

以“实优一号”沙棘品种的一年生茎段为材料,利用0.1 % HgCl₂对其进行不同时间的表面消毒处理,并经过启动培养后,将生长健壮的茎段培养于含不同植物激素质量浓度配比的WPM生根培养基中,以期优化沙棘幼嫩茎段的表面消毒条件以及生根条件。结果显示,利用0.1 % HgCl₂处理7 min,沙棘茎段成活率最高(100 %)且无污染,为最佳的茎段表面消毒条件。此外,与其他激素质量浓度配比相比,在添加0.5 mg·L^-1 IBA的生根培养基中,茎段分化出1～3条短粗的根,生根率最高(60 %)。     

Perceptual Identification and Acoustic Measures of the Resonant Voice Based on “Lessac''s Y-Buzz”—A Preliminary Study With Actors

This study aimed to verify whether the resonant voice based on Lessac's Y-Buzz can be perceived by listeners as resonant and different from habitual voice and to compare them to determine whether this sound exploration improves the vocal production. Nine newly graduated actors, six men and three women without voice complaints, were the subjects. They received a session of Lessac's Y-Buzz training from the primary investigator. Before training, they were asked to sustain the vowel /i/ at comfortable frequency and habitual loudness. After training, they were requested to sustain the Y-Buzz they had learned at a comfortable frequency and habitual loudness. Three speech-language pathologists (SLP) trained in voice developed an auditory-perceptive analysis. The pre- and posttraining voice samples were randomly spliced together, edited, and presented in pairs to perceptual judges who were asked to identify the most resonant of the pair. The voice samples were also acoustically compared through the Hoarseness Diagram and acoustic measures using the VoxMetria Software (CTS, version 2.0s, Brazil). The Y-Buzz trials were identified as resonant voice in 74% of the comparisons. The acoustic measures showed a statistically significant decrease of irregularity (P = 0.002) and shimmer (P = 0.38). The Hoarseness Diagram demonstrated how the resonant voice moved toward the normality for irregularity and noise components. The results showed that the resonant voice based on the Y-Buzz can be identified as resonant and different from normal voicing in the same subject, and it apparently implies a better vocal production demonstrating a significant decrease of shimmer and irregularity through the Hoarseness Diagram evaluation.     

一种基于梯度的直线段检测算法

针对传统直线段检测算法计算量大、鲁棒性差的不足,本文提出了一种在数字图像中检测直线段的算法.图像梯度对于检测图像中的边缘结构具有重要意义,算法首先求取图像梯度的模值和方向;然后根据梯度模值伪排序结果采用梯度区域增长方法扩张方向一致的邻域像素,得到的连通像素区域作为直线段候选区域;最后用外接矩形描述候选区域,其长轴和短轴可作为直线段判定标准,满足判定标准的长轴就是所求的直线段,并用MATLAB对图像进行仿真实验.结果表明:本文算法耗时8.87 s检测出了108条直线段,与传统算法相比,不但耗时降低了17%,而且检测出的直线段增加了16%.     

用于无监督语音降噪的听觉感知鲁棒主成分分析法

针对现有稀疏低秩分解语音降噪方法对人耳听觉感知特性应用不充分、语音失真易被感知的问题,提出了一种用于语音降噪的听觉感知鲁棒主成分分析法。由于耳蜗基底膜对于频率感知具有非线性特性,该方法采用耳蜗谱图作为语噪分离的基础。此外,选用符合人耳听觉感知特性的板仓-斋田距离度量作为优化目标函数,在稀疏低秩建模过程中引入非负约束以使分解分量更符合实际物理含义,并在交替方向乘子法框架下推导了具有闭合解形式的迭代优化算法。文中方法在语音降噪时是完全无监督的,无需预先训练语音或噪声模型。多种类型噪声和不同信噪比条件下的仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,噪声抑制效果较目前同类算法更为显著,且降噪后语音的可懂度和总体质量有所提高、至少相当。     

基于听觉中枢模型的水下噪声音色表达与特性分析

为建立水下噪声音色特征的定量表达以用于目标识别, 本文将主观评价实验获得的 4个本质音色维度得分与声音的听觉中枢响应建立联系, 得到音色的偏最小二乘回归模型, 并基于回归系数对每个维度进行物理分析. 为验证该方法的有效性, 本文提取大量音色描述符作为自变量进行对比, 结果表明听觉中枢模型预测能力有一定优势. 同时发现, 前 3个本质音色维度可分别由高频能量比例、谱平坦程度和时域连续性描述, 而第4 维度则无法与任何声学特征建立联系. 关键词： 本质音色 听觉中枢模型 偏最小二乘回归 音色描述符