宏观放电参数对快原子态氮(N+,Nf)的影响

采用氮直流辉光放电等离子体中快电子和重粒子(N₂⁺,N⁺,N_f)混合的蒙特卡罗方法,模拟研究了快原子态粒子(N⁺,N_f)的产生率及轰击阴极的能量分布随宏观放电参数(P,V)的变化规律.结果表明,存在一最佳放电条件,使阴极壁处粒子(N⁺,N_f)的粒子数密度大且能量高;当电压大于800V时,轰击阴极的活性粒子(N⁺,N_f),主要由N₂⁺-N₂离解过程产生,电压小于300V时,主要由e^--N₂离解过程产生,模拟结果与实验结果相符合.     

s-过程和r-过程核素双超丰恒星的形成

慢中子俘获和快中子俘获过程核素双超丰的恒星,是先经历AGB星污染,再经历超新星爆发形成的,分析双超丰贫金属星HE 1305-0007可证实这一点.     

规范半混合差集矩阵——处理复杂系统的新思维系列之二十二

本系列论文基于《多边矩阵理论》,由东方整体性思维所启迪,试图提供并完善一套从整体到局部处理复杂系统多指标问题、非均匀性问题、非线性问题的强有力的数学工具,并对其进行严格的理论推导和证明。作为系列论文的第22篇,介绍了规范半混合差集矩阵,并给出它和混合正交表的一种等价关系。作为例子,利用规范半混合差集矩阵构造了一些新的混合水平正交表。     

基于原子能量熵和CSM的配电线路故障分类方法

针对配电线路上的故障分类问题,提出了一种结合原子能量熵和连续字符串匹配(CSM)的故障分类方法.通过分析故障信号的暂态特征,利用原子分解法得到故障暂态信号的主导原子以及对故障信息进行补充的次级原子,计算原子能量熵作为故障特征量,较完备地描述了故障特征.应用CSM进行故障分类节省了智能算法故障辨识中参数选择和优化的时间,通过建立的编码规则,将故障特征进行编码,搜索故障编码库,最终确定故障类型.通过仿真研究,验证了该算法的可行性与有效性.     

Z=116同位素链上原子核性质的研究

在宏观－微观模型的理论框架下,采用Nilsson势对Z=116同位素链上原子核基态的结合能、α衰变能和四极形变进行了计算,并把理论计算结果与实验数据和其他理论模型的结果进行了比较和讨论.研究发现,理论计算值和实验数据符合,也与其他模型的计算结果符合.此外,还讨论了Z=116同位素链上的位能曲面和可能出现的形状共存现象.     

Polarographic Determination of Cobalt and Nickel in Iron Meteorites

Abstract

Cobalt and nickel were determined in five iron meteorites by a polarographic method. The analyses gave good precision and are believed to be reliable. The nickel content ranged from 6.49% to 8.07%, and cobalt ranged from 0.40% to 0.49%. Atomic absorption measurements were made on the sample solutions for comparison.     

Determination of Cadmium and Lead in Sea Water after Extraction Using Electrothermal Atomisation. Minimisation of Interferences from Co-Extracted Sea Salts

Abstract

Interferences from small amounts of sea salt in the determination of cadmium and lead were investigated. Test samples were made to mimic solutions obtained after extraction of sea water for trace metal analysis. Sea salt concentrations in the range 0–400 mg/l were investigated. Background absorption from this salt was high but easily minimised through the addition of nitric acid (2 % v/v). Sensitivity reductions due to the salt were considerable and varied from one graphite tube to the other. This problem was overcome by the addition of 1000 mg lanthanum per litre of sample. The positive effect of the lanthanum matrix modification is thought to be due to a change of the graphite tube surface.     

Determination of Lead in Human Hair by High Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Microwave Digestion and Solid Sampling

The content of lead in human hair was measured by high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS) combined with microwave-assisted digestion (MAD) and direct solid sampling (DSS). Hair strands were washed, dried, and then cut into three parts (root, middle portion, and tip). For MAD-GFAAS assays, approximately 0.25 g of hair was completely digested using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closed system. In the DSS-GFAAS assays, 0.1–0.2 mg of dried hair was directly introduced into a graphite furnace using a solid autosampler. The temperature programs were optimized and the effects of various added modifiers were compared. The results indicated that NH₄H₂PO₄ was the optimal modifier for analysis of Pb using GFAAS. Use of the optimal modifier and temperature program gave similar limits of detection for MAD-GFAAS and DSS-GFAAS of 1.16 ng/g and 0.82 ng/g, respectively. Both methods also produced satisfactory recoveries ranging from 98.69% to 103.14%. There was no significant difference observed between the Pb contents of hair strands determined by the MAD-GFAAS and DSS-GFAAS assays, which both indicated that the Pb levels increased along the hair strands. Comparison of the two methods revealed that DSS-GFAAS had several advantageous characteristics over MAD-GFAAS, including the need for much less sample material and having a less time-consuming procedure, lower sample blank absorbance, lower memory effect, and no risk of environmental pollution by digesting chemicals. The direct solid sampling technique can be employed as a good alternative to conventional wet digestion in AAS assays.     

室温离子液体在原子光谱分析中的应用研究进展

介绍和讨论了室温离子液体的理化特性及其作为萃取剂在分离富集金属离子中的应用.综述了室温离子液体在火焰原子吸收、蒸汽发生原子吸收、石墨炉原子吸收、原子荧光光谱和原子发射光谱的应用研究进展.