Ditertiary phosphine complexes of (ν-allyl)dicarbonylmolybdenum(II) and -tungsten(II)

Compounds of the type [XM(CO)₂(ν-allyl)L₂] (where X = Cl and Br; M = Mo and W; L₂ = Ph₂PCH₂PPh₂ and Ph₂ PCH₂CH₂PPh₂) have been prepard from the corersponding MeCN complexes. The spectral properties of these compounds and the effects of chelate rign size on ³¹P coordination shifts and J(¹⁸³W—³¹P) have been investigated.     

The circular chemistry conceptual framework: A way forward to sustainability in industry 4.0

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Designing a contaminated soil sampling strategy for human health risk assessment

Human health risk assessment is a site-based approach used to identify the potential health hazards which are induced by an old site contamination. For a proper evaluation of the daily doses of contaminants to which people will be exposed given the future occupation of the site, both a characterization and a quantification of soil pollution are needed. Such information can be provided by soil sampling. Thus the choice of the location, the number, depth and type of soil samples is very important and ought to follow a well-defined strategy. A review of contaminated site sampling practices in Europe and North America could not identify any completely formalized sampling strategy for human health risk assessment. On the contrary there are several approaches which can be roughly classified into two categories: a systematic sampling scheme over the whole site, on the one hand, and a sampling design driven by an initial knowledge of the contamination sources and fitted to the suspected pollution pattern, on the other. The first approach provides a complete coverage of the site but it may be rather expensive and entail useless sampling. The performance of the second depends on the quality of prior information. Actually both methods can be combined as explained hereafter. In view of the specificity of each site, the requirements of health risk assessment and the time and cost constraints, it seems difficult to work out a typical soil sampling strategy suitable for all sites. However, some recommendations can be made according to the site dimensions, the nature, degree and heterogeneity of contamination, and the (future) use of the site. The scientist should thus rely on a thorough examination of all available information (site history, geology and hydrogeology, soil properties, contaminants behaviour , etc.) to delimit contaminated areas as homogeneous as possible and then distribute the sampling points (e.g.using a sampling grid). They should also take the potential exposure paths into account in order to define the areas and soil strata to be sampled as a priority. Statistical and geostatistical tools can be helpful for formulating a sampling strategy as well as for interpreting the collected data. Received: 7 December 2001 Accepted: 24 February 2002     

数据仓库在大学档案袋评价中的应用研究

档案袋评价是流行于欧美的一种教学评价方法，本文试图通过对大学计算机专业课进行电子档案袋评价，并通过数据仓库技术对档案袋中的数据进行分析、决策，以建立科学，公正，高效，合理的和职业相联系的教育评价模式。     

农民外出务工对义务教育的影响

农民工收入的增加及观念的转变有利于义务教育的完全普及,同时,农民外出务工又带来了留守生和流动子女的教育问题;要解决农民外出务工对义务教育的负面影响,国家、政府及学校都要采取补救措施。     

既有铆接铁路钢桥剩余寿命的评估

为确保既有铆接铁路钢桥使用安全，探讨了评估既有铆接铁路钢桥疲劳剩余寿命的方法。以京九线赣江桥为例，介绍了基于断裂力学的既有铆接铁路钢桥剩余寿命评估的原理与方法。基于断裂力学的评估过程主要包括如下4个步骤：识别临界构件、计算临界裂纹尺寸、疲劳裂纹扩展模拟、确定探测间隔。根据赣江桥剩余寿命评估结果：若按保证桥梁的正常使用功能，超声波探测间隔为1a；若按保证主桁结构承载安全，则探测间隔为3a。     

多Agent组织的一种矩阵结构

借鉴人类现代组织理论，给出了Agent组织的一种矩阵模型描述。相比层次结构的组织，加强了组织横向之间的联系，增加了管理幅度，减少了组织的层次，从而降低了交互通信代价，提高了组织的求解效率和组织对外部环境的快速反应能力。     

战略环境评价的理论及技术方法探讨

回顾了战略环境评价(SEA)的形成和发展过程，讨论了SEA实施的原则和影响因素，分析了SEA实施的战略分析框架、替代方案和影响减缓措施，并探讨了SEA的研究方法和技术．     

城市土地质量评估方法研究

文章通过分析决定城市地价的相关因素，给出了对城市土地质量进行评级的模糊综合评估方法，使城市地价的确定更加客观规范。     

毛泽东与建国前后的城市工作

毛泽东对建国前后的城市工作提出了一系列指导性的思想、方针和政策。他适时提出将工作重心由乡村转移到城市的思想，为我党制定了“原封原样原接收”的城市接管方针，并提出了恢复和发展城市生产的指导思想和一系列具体政策，领导中共对城市进行了成功的接收和有效的管理。这些思想、方针和政策给我们今天的城市建设乃至国家建设提供了许多有益的启示。