3-取代-5(3-乙基-4,5-二苯基噻唑叉)洛丹宁的增感性能

简单份菁(或称零甲川份菁)是一种可以用作卤化银感光乳剂层感蓝增感的染料。彩色正性材料的发展,要求感蓝乳剂层使用氯溴化银乳剂,并配合使用感蓝增感染料以符合感蓝区域的光谱要求。以氩离子激光为光源的电子分色片乳剂要求对波长488nm附近有较高的敏感,此种乳剂本身感色范围偏离氩离子激光发射峰。寻找增感效率高、光谱增感峰适合的感蓝染料很有必要。本文用2-甲硫基-3-乙基-4,5二苯基噻唑对甲苯磺酸盐(1)分别与3-取代洛丹宁(2)在无水乙醇存在下反应,制得六个未见文献报导的3-取代-5-(3-乙基-     

球形钴酸锂的乳液法合成及其结构、性能研究

采用一种特殊乳液法, 制备了锂离子电池正极材料球形LiCoO₂. 分别研究了一次颗粒尺寸、烧结时间对于二次造粒的影响. 还对LiCoO₂球体内部的结构进行了SEM和HRTEM研究, 发现一次颗粒非常紧密地融合在一起, 晶体边界区域没有明显的非晶相区, 也没有纳米级别的孔洞、裂缝. 电化学性能研究表明, 在900 ℃烧结4 h的材料具有较高的首次放电容量(143 mAh•g^－1)和良好的循环性能     

苯丙水溶胶的合成与性能研究(I) 聚合工艺和反应组分对聚合稳定性和胶体性能的影响

用一次投料法、半连续滴加法和单体预乳化法三种聚合工艺，合成了苯丙乳液聚合物，并加氨微细化，转化成水溶胶，考察了聚合工艺和反应组分（乳化剂，功能单体等）对苯丙乳液及其水溶胶反应稳定性和粒子大小及分布等胶体性能的影响。     

Morphology control of soap-free seeded P(St-EA-AA) latex particles

Soap-free poly(styrene-ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid) latex particles with narrow size distribution and with surface carboxyl groups were synthesized by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization, and the particles with homogeneous multihollow structure were obtained after alkali posttreatment. Effects of treatment conditions and crosslinking agents on particle morphology were investigated. Results showed that the multihollow structure can be formed inside the uncrosslinked particles only when the treatment temperature exceeded 50 °C, the pH was higher than 10.0, the amount of 2-butanone was more than 3.0 ml and the treatment time was longer than 30 min. Furthermore, the volume expansion of the particles increased with the temperature increased to 90 °C, the pH to 12.5 or the amount of 2-butanone to 7.0 ml, and this value increased first and then decreased with the treatment time prolonged. Fine pores can be generated in the shell of particles crosslinked by 0.2 g of ethyl glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA), while no hollow structure formed inside particles when 0.4 g of EGDMA or 0.2 g of divinyl benzene was used.     

W／O／W乳液的渗透溶胀与夹带溶胀

研究了W/O/W乳液的溶胀,实验结果表明,渗透溶胀随内外相溶液间的渗透压差、表面活性剂及载体浓度的增大而增加,但随膜粘度的增加而降低,渗透压差较高时,水渗透的影响大于夹带的影响;膜相中含氧化合物对溶胀的影响大于含氮化合物,采用Span 80作乳化剂时,比采用E 644渗透溶胀约高6倍,夹带溶胀也较高;重复聚结再分散使夹带溶胀急剧增加,因而多级混合澄清槽对液膜操作似不适用。     

反相乳液聚合制备壳聚糖接枝共聚物及应用

以壳聚糖、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为原料,硝酸铈铵为引发剂,Span-20为乳化剂,通过反相乳液聚合技术,合成壳聚糖阳离子接枝共聚物。分析讨论了乳化剂用量、引发剂浓度、油水体积比、单体配比、反应时间、反应温度对共聚物接枝率的影响,并采用正交试验方法对合成条件进行了优化。研究了其对重金属离子Cu2 、Cd2 、Zn2 的吸附性能。结果表明,在Cu2 、Cd2 、Zn2 的混合离子体系中,该共聚物对Cu2 、Zn2 有选择性吸附。     

微波辐照下无皂阳离子聚(St-MMA)高分子纳米粒子的制备和表征

讨论了微波辐照下 ,以丙酮 水为分散介质 ,利用阳离子型自由基引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐(AIBA)引发苯乙烯 (St)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)共聚 ,合成出表面带正电荷的P(St MMA)共聚物纳米粒子 ,考察了丙酮用量、单体和引发剂浓度对纳米粒子粒径、粒径分布和乳液稳定性的影响 .结果表明 ,丙酮 水的体积比由 0增加到 1 2 6∶1时 ,粒子的平均水化半径从 12 2 2 1nm降低到 2 4 6 8nm ,粒径分布变宽 ,乳液抗电解质稳定性逐渐增强 ;增加引发剂和共聚单体MMA的浓度 ,粒子的水化半径逐渐减小 ,粒径分散系数增大 .     

Multimonomer partitioning in latex systems with moderately water-soluble monomers

Simple equations describing monomer partitioning in latices during intervals 2 and 3 in emulsion polymerization with any number of low to moderately water soluble monomers were derived from the extended Morton equation by making various assumptions. It appears that it is mainly the combinatorial entropy of mixing that governs the partitioning behavior, and that other contributions to the free energy of the monomers in the polymer particles are marginal. Experimental results with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate confirm the validity of the assumptions. In interval 3 of emulsion polymerization the sum of all contributions to the free energy of the monomers in the particles other than the combinatorial entropy of mixing can be taken as a constant that is dependent only on the monomer composition in the particles and independent of the degree of swelling of the particles. The only parameters one needs to know to calculate the monomer concentrations in all phases with help of the derived equations, are the saturation concentrations of each monomer in the polymer particles, and the saturation concentrations of each monomer in the aqueous phase. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

微波聚合制备单分散、超细聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球

在微波辐照下,通过甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的无乳化剂乳液聚合,制备出粒径单分散、超细聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球。微波显著缩短聚合诱导期,加快聚合反应,其部分原因是微波加快引发剂过硫酸钾(KPS)的分解。实验证明微波辐照下KPS的表观分解活化能(ED)由128.3kJ/mol降低到106.0kJ/mol。单体浓度是影响PMMA乳液粒子尺寸的主要因素,在[MMA]小于0.3mol/L时,平均粒径随单体浓度提高而线形增加;[MMA]为0.3～1.0mol/L时,平均粒径稳定在约200nm;之后随单体浓度进一步增加,乳液稳定性变差。引发剂浓度增加对平均粒径影响较小,但增大引发剂浓度可显著降低粒径分散度。选取[MMA]为0.23～0.3mol/L、[KPS]为3×10-3～6×10-3mol/L可以得到粒径200nm的单分散微球。以丙酮/水(体积比1/3)为反应介质,可制备出数均粒径45nm的PMMA纳米粒子。在体系中加入3.5×10-3mol/L的Cu2+,可制备出数均粒径67nm、单分散的PMMA纳米粒子。     

消除夹带溶胀的新液膜操作法

消除夹带溶胀的新液膜操作法曹汉瑾，褚莹，何彦涛，吴子生，严忠（东北师范大学化学系长春１３００２４）关键词液膜，油／水乳液，溶胀，夹带，包裹消除液膜操作中的夹带溶胀对液膜的工业化具有重要意义，夹带溶胀分为包裹溶胀和再液化溶胀。前者是乳状液滴上浮时将水相...