Artificial diffusion in the numerical modelling of the advective transport of salinity

Numerical modelling of the advective transport of salinity in coastal seas, using upstream differences, is considered. Upstream differences do not give rise to spurious negative salinities, as do forward time centred space differences.It is shown that the artificial diffusion associated with upstream differences can be incorporated into the physical diffusion in a simple quantitative manner. The method is applicable to finite-difference grids of less than about 2-4 km in tidal problems. For non-tidal problems the method is applicable to larger grids.     

内蒙古4种土猎蝽摩擦发声器的电镜观察（半翅目：异翅亚目：猎蝽科）

对内蒙古４种土猎蝽摩擦发声器微细结构进行了扫描电镜观察比较，分析认为：１）在土猎蝽的摩擦发声器中决定声音信息特征的主要部分是前胸腹板喙沟；２）同种及同种雌雄个体的摩擦发声器结构相同，保证了其相互联系的准确性；３）不同种间摩擦发声器的前胸腹板喙沟结构具有一定差异，对种类鉴定具有一定的参考意义．     

我国检察机关领导体制改革之探析

建国50多年以来,我国检察机关的领导体制几经反复和变化,目前的双重领导体制对检察权的行使、国家法制的统一与检察队伍素质的提高等仍存在不少掣肘。我们认为,构建我国检察机关的领导体制,既要考虑我国的政治体制,也应顾及检察机关自身的性质与法律地位,还需借鉴国外的成功实践经验。基此,我国检察机关应实行垂直领导体制。     

Blood, Sweat, and Tears. Toward a Rehabilitation of the INADEQUATE Experiment

The double-quantum-filtered carbon–carbon correlation experiment (INADEQUATE) can be accelerated significantly through a reduction in the spin–lattice relaxation times by dissolving oxygen gas in the solution. The effect is enhanced by lowering the temperature and by pressurizing the sample tube with oxygen. This offers a fourfold reduction in the relaxation times of the carbon-13 resonances in the 125-MHz spectrum of methyl salicylate. The addition of perfluorotertiarybutanol (related to the artificial blood substitutes) increases the amount of oxygen that can be dissolved, so that without oxygen pressurization, similar reductions in the relaxation times can be achieved. The nuclear Overhauser enhancements are only slightly reduced by addition of oxygen. Polarization transfer from the directly attached protons (INEPT) further increases the sensitivity if at least one of the two coupled carbon sites is protonated, principally because theprotonspin–lattice relaxation times of oxygenated samples are shortened by the relaxation agent. These modest improvements in sensitivity are in general complementary to existing enhancement schemes.     

母猪生殖器官的淋巴流向初探

用３０％普鲁士兰氯仿溶液，对１０例杂交母猪的生殖器官作皮内、浆膜下和粘膜下注射，观察了母猪生殖器官的淋巴流向。     

Synthesis and properties of biomimetic poly(L‐glutamate)‐b‐poly(2‐acryloyloxyethyllactoside)‐b‐poly(L‐glutamate) triblock copolymers

A novel class of biomimetic glycopolymer–polypeptide triblock copolymers [poly(L ‐glutamate)–poly(2‐acryloyloxyethyllactoside)–poly(L ‐glutamate)] was synthesized by the sequential atom transfer radical polymerization of a protected lactose‐based glycomonomer and the ring‐opening polymerization of β‐benzyl‐L ‐glutamate N‐carboxyanhydride. Gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses demonstrated that triblock copolymers with defined architectures, controlled molecular weights, and low polydispersities were successfully obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the triblock copolymers revealed that the α‐helix/β‐sheet ratio increased with the poly(benzyl‐L ‐glutamate) block length. Furthermore, the water‐soluble triblock copolymers self‐assembled into lactose‐installed polymeric aggregates; this was investigated with the hydrophobic dye solubilization method and ultraviolet–visible analysis. Notably, this kind of aggregate may be useful as an artificial polyvalent ligand in the investigation of carbohydrate–protein recognition and for the design of site‐specific drug‐delivery systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5754–5765, 2004     

基于人工神经网络的滴膜共存冷凝传热模型的研究

为了研究影响滴膜共存冷凝传热特性的因素,如滴膜区间面积比、滴膜相对位置、表面分割方式,表面过冷度等对冷凝传热的特性共同作用,本文应用人工神经网络技术,建立表面分割数、滴膜区面积比、凝液环数、表面过冷度与强化传热比之间的综合评价预测模型。结果表明,基于Matlab语言的人工神经网络模型具有较高的预测准确率及泛化能力,能够很好的评价和预测不同条件下的冷凝传热特性。     

一个基于人工神经网络的新一代精神分裂症诊断系统ESSD

本文介绍一个利用人工神经网络进行分型和自动知识获取的新一代精神分裂症诊断系统。阐述了训练样本的统计方法，神经网络的模糊与清晰性相结合的分型方法以及动态自学习方法，在输出规则中引入了黑洞束缚的概念。     

Nonparametric bandit methods

Bandits are a finite collection of random variables. Bandit problems are Markov decision problems in which, at each decision time, the decision maker selects a random variable (referred to as a bandit arm) and observes an outcome. The selection is based on the observation history. The objective is to sequentially choose arms so as to minimize growth (with decision time) rate of the number of suboptimal selections.The appellation bandit refers to mechanical gambling machines, and the tradition stems from the question of allocating competing treatments to a sequence of patients having the same disease. Our motivation is machine learning in which a game-playing or assembly-line adjusting computer is faced with a sequence of statistically-similar decision problems and, as resource, has access to an expanding data base relevant to these problems.The setting for the present study is nonparametric and infinite horizon. The central aim is to relate a methodology which postulates finite moments or, alternatively, bounded bandit arms. Under these circumstances, strategies proposed are shown to be asymptotically optimal and converge at guaranteed rates. In the bounded-arm case, the rate is optimal.We extend the theory to the case in which the bandit population is infinite, and share some computational experience.     

我国水资源的状况与对策

我国水资源分布受地形、地区、地貌和季节所控制,本文以大量的资料、数据,通过对比来论述我国水资源之不足。由于工业、农业的发展和人民生活水平的提高,用水量成倍地增加,造成过量地开采地下水源,又加上大量污水几乎不加处理和回收,任意排放,致使江、河、湖、海不同程度地受到污染,并有逐渐扩大的趋势,造成了我国水资源的危机,也使广大乡镇人畜用水陷入了困境。作者针对国内外在开发利用地下水资源中所暴露的问题,提出了自己的一些见解和对策。