Effects of experimental imperfections on a spin counting experiment

Spin counting NMR is an experimental technique that allows a determination of the size and time evolution of networks of dipolar coupled nuclear spins. This work reports on an average Hamiltonian treatment of two spin counting sequences and compares the efficiency of the two cycles in the presence of flip errors, RF inhomogeneity, phase transients, phase errors, and offset interactions commonly present in NMR experiments. Simulations on small quantum systems performed using the two cycles reveal the effects of pulse imperfections on the resulting multiple quantum spectra, in qualitative agreement with the average Hamiltonian calculations. Experimental results on adamantane are presented, demonstrating differences in the two sequences in the presence of pulse errors.     

Learning about multiplication by comparing algorithms: “One times one,but actually they are ten times ten”

Multiplication algorithms in primary school are still frequently introduced with little attention to meaning. We present a case study focusing on a third grade class that engaged in comparing two algorithms and discussing “why they both work”. The objectives of the didactical intervention were to foster students' development of mathematical meanings concerning multiplication algorithms, and their development of an attitude to judge and compare the value and efficiency of different algorithms. Underlying hypotheses were that it is possible to promote the simultaneous unfolding of the semiotic potential of two algorithms, considered as cultural artifacts, with respect to the objectives of the didactical intervention, and to establish a fruitful synergy between the two algorithms. As results, this study sheds light onto the new theoretical construct of “bridging sign”, illuminating students’ meaning-making processes involving more than one artifact; and it provides important insight into the actual unfolding of the hypothesized potential of the algorithms.     

超快速COSY类2D NMR实验弛豫假峰的抑制

在脉冲梯度场基础上研究了进一步缩短COSY类2D NMR实验数据采集时间的新方法.利用主动屏蔽梯度场线圈的梯度场恢复时间仅为100μs数量级这一特点,提出一类基于脉冲梯度场消除弛豫假峰的脉冲序列.并以DQF-COSY脉冲序列为例加以验证.实验结果表明:采用文中的方法,取序列重复时间远小于T₁和T₂是切实可行的;梯度场技术能很好地抑制弛豫假蜂以达到2D NMK数据的快速采集.     

The specific contribution of object''''s origin on artifacts categorization

Gelman and Bloom found that adults and children's object naming was sensitive to how an object was created (man-made or not), but they did not reveal on which specific level of conceptual system this effect was. Using a free-naming task and a force-choice task, two experiments were conducted to test a hypothesis that this effect was specifically on domain level ("artifact/non-artifact" distinction). In Experiment 1, participants were asked to name shortly-depicted objects, rate their confidence, and report their reasons for each naming response. Results showed that most of the naming responses in "man-made" condition were in artifact domain, and most in "natural" condition were in non-artifact domain, although in both conditions names were very divergent on basic level. In Experiment 2, another group of participants were asked to choose one from two names (one in artifact domain and the other in non-artifact domain) to match the same shortly-depicted objects presented in the first experiment. Re-sults of Experiment 1 on domain level were replicated in Experiment 2. These convergent findings supported the hypothesis that the effect of object's origin is specifically on domain level of conceptual system of objects. Reasons explicitly reported for naming responses in Experiment 1 suggested that participants might automatically infer objects' functions in "man-made" condition but not in "natural" condition. Here the function-based hypothesis of artifacts classification is discussed.     

基于数学形态学的去方块效应法

为了减少多分辨奇异值分解(MSVD)图像融合后的图像出现明显可见的方块效应,提出一种基于数学形态学的边缘检测去方块效应的方法.首先通过形态学梯度算子求出两幅原图像的边缘,将边缘融合后的图像作为有方块效应图像的边缘,然后根据形态学梯度逆变换得到结果图像.最后,采用客观性能指标对结果图像进行评价.实验结果表明本文中的方法不仅简单易行,而且图像可以达到较均匀的成像效果;方块效应去除后,图像表现出良好的视觉效果,清晰度和空间频率都有很大提高,且具有较好的保持边缘的性能.     

基于二维尺度维纳后滤波器的SFCW-MIMO雷达成像伪影抑制方法

为了抑制传统后向投影成像方法产生的伪影,提出了一种基于二维尺度维纳后滤波的伪影抑制方法。首先,针对步进频连续波MIMO雷达,将频域BP成像方法建模为一个二维无失真波束形成器;然后,利用带尺度因子的二维维纳后滤波器使波束形成结果的均方误差最小;最后,分析了尺度因子对单目标和多目标成像性能的影响。现有基于相干因子(CF)的伪影抑制方法仅是所提方法具有不同尺度因子时的特例。通过选择适当的尺度因子,该方法可以克服CF方法的一些局限性。仿真结果表明,所提方法在距离向和方位向都能有效地抑制成像过程产生的伪影。     

Naturally-formed objects categorized as artifacts: Effect of objects’ functional depictions

Past research has identified a variety of factors that influence cognitive processing of artifact concepts, but few experiments tested possible interactive patterns among these factors. Using a natural language depiction based free naming task, we explored how an object’s function and its history (information about how an object was formed by natural force) interact to affect categorization judgment in a 2×2 between- subjects experiment (N = 169). The study had two key findings: (i) Without presenting an object’s function, presenting the history of its natural formation increased subjects’ tendency to name the object under the “natural” domain and decreased their tendency to name it under the “artifact” domain; (ii) once we presented the depiction of an object’s function, the effect of history presentation on categorization disappeared: Subjects in both conditions strongly preferred naming objects as artifacts. In summary, presenting depiction of an object’s function inhibited the effect of history on object categorization. Current findings suggest that an object’s function plays a fundamental role in the cognitive processing of artifact concepts.     

高光谱成像技术在彩绘文物分析中的研究综述

彩绘文物是文化遗产研究的重要内容之一。目前,许多的化学、光谱以及数字成像等分析技术应用于彩绘文物研究中,其中,高光谱成像技术集光谱分析与成像技术为一体,具有无损、快速成像以及"图谱合一"的特点。其技术特点使得高光谱成像技术在非接触、无样本的条件下对彩绘文物进行无损研究,既可以获得彩绘文物的整体形貌特征,还可以深入分析彩绘文物的光谱特征,是高光谱成像技术相比于其他彩绘文物研究方法的独特优势。利用高光谱成像技术研究彩绘文物分为数据采集、数据分析以及数据应用三步,其中数据分析与数据应用是研究的主要内容。通过对高光谱成像技术在彩绘文物中的相关研究成果进行总结归纳,其数据处理方法主要包括高光谱数据降维、光谱特征参量化、光谱解混合以及分类方法四个方面,并分别描述了四类处理方法的主要功能、常用方法和已有案例。从具体应用方向上,可归纳为视觉增强、隐含信息挖掘、保护监测和颜料分析四类,具体描述了四类应用方向所涵盖的内容以及所解决的问题。最后对相关研究中存在的挑战和发展前景进行了总结和展望。     

基于冗余表达的CT图像中金属伪影校正

针对CT图像中存在的金属伪影,提出了一种新的基于冗余表达的校正方法.首先分割出CT图像中的金属区域,将其投影得到金属投影区域;然后从原始投影数据中去除金属投影区域部分的投影数据;最后利用冗余表达的算法恢复金属部分的投影数据,经过滤波反投影后,重建出校正后的图像.校正结果显示,本方法对含有多块金属模体的重建图像的金属伪影有较好的校正效果.     

An adaptive super-resolution method based on regional pixel information and ringing artifacts suppression

Multi-frame image super-resolution (SR) aims to utilize information from a set of low-resolution (LR) images to compose a high-resolution (HR) one. In this paper, a novel multi-frame image super-resolution algorithm is proposed based on regional pixel information and ringing artifacts suppression. Firstly, a new regularization term which adopts Regional Adaptive Weight Coefficients (RAWC) is produced to keep edges and flat regions. After detailed analysis, an iterative process is given for image reconstruction. Then an adaptive term according to the local variance of iterative correction image is designed to evaluate the ringing artifacts. Finally, the original iteration is updated by adding the restraint term for better visual effects and lower noise of reconstructive HR image. Thorough experimental results show the proposed algorithm is effective for SR reconstruction and ringing artifacts suppression.