错断井大修套内扶正取套工艺及效益评价

本文着重介绍了浅层油水井大修扶正取套工艺技术的原理、应用及所取得的成果,并着重简明阐述了大修错断取套工艺技术在油田大修作业领域所起到的重要作用及应用前景,为老油田油水井大修取套工艺提出了一条鲜明的技术思路。     

负顾客可服务的Geom/Geom/1离散时间排队模型

研究了一个单服务台的离散时间排队模型,正负顾客的到达服从几何分布,并且可以同时到达,正负顾客处于同等的位置．给出了两种抵消规则：抵消队尾的顾客,无论此顾客是否正在接受服务;抵消队尾的顾客,此顾客不在接受服务．负顾客到达后分别以这两种不同的抵消规则抵消系统中的正顾客;如果负顾客到达后,系统为空,则负顾客和正顾客一样,接受服务．通过求解方程组,得到这一模型的系统队长和等待队长的概率母函数以及系统队长和等待队长的稳态分布．     

Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Nonstoichiometric Semiconductors and Multiphase Material Systems

When arsenides are grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low substrate temperatures, as much as 2% excess arsenic can be incorporated into the epilayer. This excess arsenic is in the form of antisites, but there is also a substantial concentration of gallium vacancies. With anneal, there is a significant decrease in the arsenic antisite and gallium vancancy concentrations as the excess arsenic precipitates. With further anneal, the arsenic precipitates coarsen. This combination of low substrate temperature molecular beam epitaxy and a subsequent anneal results in a broad spectrum of materials, from highly defected epilayers to a two-phase system of semimetallic arsenic precipitates in an arsenide semiconductor matrix. These materials exhibit some very interesting and useful electrical and optical properties.     

高砷烟尘酸性氧化浸出砷和锌的试验研究

采用酸性氧化浸出工艺对某冶炼厂高砷烟尘进行湿法浸出砷、锌的试验研究。通过单因素试验确定最佳浸出工艺条件。结果表明,采用pH值为2的稀硫酸溶液,在浸出温度80℃、浸出时间105min、液固体积质量比10∶1、H2O2添加量1.75mL/g(烟灰)、搅拌速度705r/min的条件下,砷、锌浸出率分别达到78.25%和85.42%。     

蜂窝陶瓷载体生物膜工艺的除磷试验

分别采用序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）和A／O工艺进行比较,利用蜂窝陶瓷作为生物膜载体。分别处理模拟的受严重污染的地表水．重点研究磷的去除规律及影响因素,实验结果表明：厌氧时间为2．5h,好氧时间为6h;进水COD／TP为50—60,从SBBR出水中,磷浓度小于0．5mg·L^-1,总磷去除率大于85％,而A／O工艺的除磷率不到50％．     

Aktivierungsanalytische Bestimmung von Spurenelementen in Tomaten

Die Autoren machen mit aktivierungsanalytischen Untersuchungen am Reaktor der Technischen Universität Budapest bekannt. Der thermische Neutronenfluβ war 2·10¹¹ ncm^?28^?1, und es wurde ein Ge(Li)-Detektor mit 25 cm³ Volumen und einer Energieauflösung von 2 keV angewendet. Die untersuchten Tomatenproben enthielten durchschnittlich 85% Trockensubstanz. Es wurden folgende Konzentrationen an Spurenelementen ermittelt (in mg/kg): Br: 50,1; Mn: 10,2; Zn: 9,3; Cu: 6,6; As: 0,051; Sb:0,030; Au: 0,005.     

污水厂改良氧化沟处理工艺的优化控制

由于实际进水水质与设计值有偏差,造成采用改良氧化沟工艺的邯郸市西污水处理厂,运行管理困难且费用较高。针对该厂的实际运行情况,探讨了曝气系统的DO,MLSS和泥龄等运行参数的控制问题,并对各参数进行分析、优化调整,最终使该工艺具有较好的脱氮除磷效果。     

粉煤灰/壳聚糖复合材料处理高浊水的研究

为解决高浊水除浊问题,使用酸改性粉煤灰与壳聚糖按照不同质量比制备成的复合材料对高浊水进行处理。通过单因素实验和正交试验得出了粉煤灰与壳聚糖复合材料投加量、搅拌时间、pH和废水初始浊度对除浊性能的影响以及各因素综合作用对除浊率的影响。单因素实验结果表明：当粉煤灰与壳聚糖质量比为6:1时,其除浊率可达到93.78%;当复合材料CWF3投加量为0.6 g时,其除浊率可达到73.52%;当搅拌时间为30 min时,其除浊率可达到90.28%;当pH=6时,其除浊率可达到84.50%;当初始浊度为300 NTU时,其除浊率可达到95.67%。正交试验结果表明,当粉煤灰与壳聚糖质量比为6:1,最佳组合条件为投加量0.7 g、搅拌时间35 min、废水初始pH=7、废水初始浊度350 NTU。酸改性粉煤灰负载壳聚糖后具有更强的亲和能力,且价格便宜,可以弥补单独使用粉煤灰或壳聚糖的不足,可用于对大规模废水进行处理。     

Rapid Removal of Organics and Oil Spills from Waters Using Silicone Rubber “Sponges”

We have developed a simple, robust, and efficient technology utilizing cheap and recoverable materials based on commercially available silicone elastomer networks for removing organic solvents and crude oil from waters. Hydrophobic and oleophilic properties of silicone elastomers endow poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) with the capacity to absorb a large variety of organics, including benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and xylene (X), commonly referred to as BTEX, and also crude oils, while at the same time enabling the organic “sponges” to float on waters, which facilitates straightforward handling. We developed a method for generating PDMS particles with variable sizes (ranging from hundreds nanometers to few millimeters) by drop-wise depositing siloxane/cross-linker mixtures into warm water, a process which leads to the cross-linking of the PDMS components. We have tested the capability of the PDMS particles to remove toluene and benzene from water. We also performed similar experiments by utilizing PDMS sheets. In both instances we observed a rapid sorption of the organic phase into PDMS; the amount of absorbed organic solvent depended on the concentration in water and the total mass (volume) of PDMS and did not depend on the geometry of the PDMS “sponge.” In addition, we have examined the uptake of toluene and benzene from toluene/benzene (T/B) mixtures dissolved in water. Our results indicate that the amount of benzene absorbed from the T/B mixtures into PDMS increases relative to the uptake from pure benzene/water solutions. This behavior is associated with toluene acting as a “surfactant” that effectively replaces the more unfavorable PDMS/B contacts with less costly T/B ones. Finally, a simple experiment demonstrates qualitatively that PDMS is also capable of removing crude oils from oil-contaminated waters.