Supramolecular optical sensor arrays for on-site analytical devices

Supramolecular optical chemosensors are useful tools in analytical chemistry for the visualization of molecular recognition information. One advantage is that they can be utilized for array systems to detect multiple analytes. However, chemosensor arrays have been evaluated mainly in the solution phase, which limits a wide range of practical applications. Thus, appropriate solid support materials such as polymer gels and papers are required to broaden the scope of the application of chemosensors as on-site analytical tools. In this review, we summarize the actual approaches for the fabrication of solid-state chemosensor arrays combined with powerful data processing techniques and portable digital recorders for real-world applications.     

Chemometric tools improving the determination of anti-inflammatory and antiepileptic drugs in river and wastewater by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography diode array detection

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of seven non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, piroxicam, indomethacin, sulindac and diflunisal) and the anticonvulsant carbamazepine in river and wastewater is reported. The method involves pre-concentration and clean-up by solid-phase microextraction using polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fibers, followed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection analysis. Owing to the fact that river water samples did not contain interferences and no sensitivity changes due to sample matrix were observed, external calibration was implemented. Standardization was also applied in order to carry out the prediction step by preparing only two diluted standards that were subjected to the pre-concentration step and a set of standards prepared in solvent. For the analysis of wastewater samples, in contrast, it was necessary to implement standard addition calibration in combination with the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm, which allowed us to overcome matrix effect and exploit the second order advantage. Recoveries ranging from 72% to 125% for all pharmaceuticals proved the accuracy of the proposed method in river water samples. On the other hand, wastewater sample recoveries ranged from 83% to 140% for all pharmaceuticals, showing an acceptable performance – considering this sample contains no modeled interferences.     

相控线阵声波测井辐射器驱动信号源的设计与测试

介绍了相控线阵声波测井辐射器的工作原理，根据辐射器各个阵元的性能参数设计了两种供实验使用的激励信号源，即5通道Burst信号源和4通道脉冲信号源。Burst信号源输出电压峰值连续可调（6～30V），相邻通道之间的延迟时间可调（0～22μs），步长为1μs，输出频率可根据换能器的频带在10-250kHz选择。脉冲信号源输出电压幅度连续可调（50～150V），延迟时间为0～7vs可调，步长为0.25μs,脉冲宽度为1～4μs。利用这两种信号源可以对相控线阵声波辐射器进行相位和幅度加权控制。在实验室内对这两种信号源进行了性能测试，结果表明，两个信号源均能满足实验要求。     

基于多孔介质模型的储层裂缝孔隙度计算方法

针对裂缝性储层裂缝孔隙度定量计算的难题,提出了一种基于多孔介质模型的储层裂缝孔隙度计算方法。通过定义孔隙纵横比谱函数表征岩石裂缝分布特征及对岩石宏观岩石物理特征的影响,并代入多孔介质模型中,建立含裂缝条件下多孔介质模型。理论正演表明,孔隙纵横比谱分布特征与岩石体积模量变化一一对应,通过建立岩石模量反演函数,利用现场阵列声波测井资料实现孔隙纵横比谱定量反演,进而计算裂缝孔隙度。应用结果表明,计算的裂缝孔隙度能够较好地反映储层裂缝发育情况,与电成像测井计算结果吻合较好,文中方法所计算的裂缝孔隙度符合实际生产情况,为裂缝孔隙度计算提供一种新的途径,扩展了阵列声波测井应用范围。     

人工嗅觉系统及其在卷烟烟气中的研究

用金属氧化物半导体气敏传感器阵列组成的人工嗅觉系统 (电子鼻 )对 3种品牌卷烟烟气进行分析 详细阐述了实验过程及确定传感器的组成方法 ,并从样本中用马氏距离选取合适的样本 ,用主成分分析法和神经网络聚类分析法对样本进行分析 主成分分析结果是已较好地把各品牌的烟分开 ,神经网络对 3种品牌烟的识别率分别为玉溪 85%、白沙 90 %、红梅 95%     

基于非线性频偏的频控阵波束控制研究

与相控阵波束指向只具有角度相关性不同,频控阵波束图是时间、角度及距离的函数.这一特性在抑制距离相关性干扰等方面有着巨大的应用价值,但其方向图所固有的距离-角度耦合会带来新的频控阵波束控制问题.如何消除距离-角度耦合关系是实现波束精确控制及目标精确定位的前提.针对这一问题,提出一种基于可变加载约束的最速下降-线性约束最小方差（SD-LCMV）算法计算最优权矢量,同时将对数、三角函数、指数函数及倒数4种非线性频偏增量方式引入一维均匀线性频控阵（ULA-FDA）阵列,仿真验证应用4种不同非线性频偏的ULA-FDA阵列发射方向图的解耦性能.之后,采用多信号分类（MUSIC）算法仿真得到不同频偏情况下的MUSIC谱函数,对比分析4种频偏增量方式下的目标距离-角度二维联合估计性能.此外,仿真分析了sin-FDA阵列的接收机结构方向图特性及基于sin-FDA收发共形阵列的3种接收信号处理机制,从而验证了非线性频偏频控阵（FDA）阵列结构的有效性.      

基于IP协议的FPGA万兆可靠互联通信设计与实现

近年来, 云计算和大数据处理迅猛发展, 现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array, FPGA)由于拥有独特的并行处理能力, 已在大数据处理中得到广泛应用. 而通信网络的好坏会直接影响大数据处理的性能, 基于此提出一种基于IP协议的FPGA万兆可靠保序互联通信系统, 基于三指针环形缓冲池以及并行序号管理实现线速万兆数据通信, 利用硬件超时重传机制实现可靠数据通信. 该系统与用户接口采用先进先出(first in first out, FIFO)队列方式, 接口简单; 采用IP协议进行通信, 使得通信协议开销较小, 具有良好的系统扩展性; 实际传输速率可达9.33 Gbit/s.     

Separations using a porous-shell pillar array column on a capillary LC instrument

We investigated the achievable separation performance of a 9-cm-long and 1-mm-wide pillar array channel (volume = 0.6 μL) containing 5 μm diameter Si pillars (spacing 2.5 μm) cladded with a mesoporous silica layer with a thickness of 300 nm, when this channel is directly interfaced to a capillary LC instrument. The chip has a small footprint of only 4 cm × 4 mm and the channel consists of three lanes that are each 3 cm long and that are interconnected using low dispersion turns consisting of a narrow U-turn (10 μm), proceded and preceded by a diverging flow distributor. Measuring the band broadening within a single lane and comparing it to the total channel band broadening, the additional band broadening of the turns can be estimated to be of the order of 0.5 μm around the minimum of the van Deemter curve, and around some 1 μm (nonretained species) and 2 μm (retained species) in the C-term dominated regime. The overall performance (chip + instrument) was evaluated by conducting gradient elution separations of digests of cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin. Peak capacities up to 150 could be demonstrated, nearly completely independent of the flow rate.     

Determination of Phenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Capacity of Ximenia parviflora Benth. var. parviflora (Olacaceae) Fruit by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection

The total phenolic and flavonoid content, phenolic composition, and in vitro antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts of Ximenia parviflora Benth. var. parviflora fruits collected at Zinaparo, Michoacan (in central Mexico) were determined. Fruit extracts present a high scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] radicals (71.49?±?0.11% and 85.00?±?1.29% inhibition, respectively). The four phenolic compounds identified in fruit extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin. X. parviflora fruits may be used as a starting material for the extraction of high value antioxidant phenolic compounds with potential applications in the pharmaceutical and dietary supplement industries.     

外腔锁相半导体激光器列阵的稳态分析

给出了描述半导体激光器列阵(LDA)稳定状态的非线性方程组。对非线性方程组进行了分析,研究了LDA在稳态运行时的特性。分别分析了LDA在同相模运行和反相模运行时,载流子浓度、振荡频率以及光子数密度与自由运行时相比较所发生的变化。