猫儿屎植物的化学成分及其药效学研究

首次从木通科猫儿屎（ＤｅｃａｉｓｎｅａｆａｒｇｅｓｉｉＦｒａｎｃｈ）中分离鉴定了１１种皂甙化合物．经光谱分析及化学方法鉴定，其中５种化合物为新化合物，分别命名为：ＤｅｃａｉｓｏｓｉｄｅＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｇ；另５种化合物为ＳａｐｏｎｉｎＰＧ、ＤｉｐｓａｃｏｓｉｄｅＢ、Ｋａｌｏｐａｎａｘ－ｓａｐｏｎｉｎＢ、Ｓａｐｏｎｉｎ１１、ＨｅｄｅｒａｓａｐｏｎｉｎＢ和ｓａｐｏｎｉｎＰＪ３．猫儿屎对小鼠移植性肿瘤Ｓ１８０（小白鼠肉瘤）、Ｈｅｐａ（肝癌）、Ｅｃ（艾氏病）的平均抑制率分别为４７．８０％、４１．４８％、４４．７１％，具有一定的抗肿瘤活性．     

高等化学教育与市场经济研究

试从高等化学教育与市场经济发展的历史必然生活动同步等方面分析论述，从而揭示高等化学教育与市场经济两者相互依存和相互促进的关系。     

温度对荒漠沙蜥肝脏组织中SOD活性的影响

利用NBT光化学还原法测定在4℃,25℃及35℃条件下驯化15天的荒漠沙蜥肝脏组织中SOD的活性.结果表明:4℃驯化的蜥蜴的SOD活性最低,为3 661.69±369.828 u／(h·gFW);25℃驯化的蜥蜴的SOD活性有所增高,为4263.17±269.124 u／(h·gFW);35℃驯化时,SOD活性最高,为4683.72±172.186 u／(h·gFW).各组间SOD活性差异显著(P<0.05).荒漠沙蜥肝脏组织中SOD活性与温度具有关联性,而这与机体在不同温度下的生理机能是密切相关的.     

紫茎泽兰等几种植物提取物对两种农业害螨的毒力作用研究

紫茎泽兰等几种植物的乙醇提取物对农业上重要的两种害螨(二斑叶螨和柑橘全爪螨)具有很高的触杀作用和一定的拒食作用。经回归和相关分析，处理浓度与作用效果(触杀和拒食)相关性都达到显著水平。相同条件下，DMRT法检验证明，紫茎泽兰提取物对柑橘全爪螨和二斑叶螨的触杀效果最好，在稀释1000倍后，对柑橘全爪螨仍有73．53％毒杀效果，对二斑叶螨也有29．17％的毒杀效果。紫茎泽兰对二斑叶螨的卵具有较好的触杀作用。     

山东链霉菌产抗真菌物质的理化性质的初步研究

从土壤中筛选得到1株产广谱抗真菌物质山东链霉菌(Streptomyces shandongensissp．nov)，该菌代谢产物对多种植物病原真菌有很强的抗菌作用．研究了温度及pH变化、UV照射对该菌发酵液中抗菌物质的稳定性的影响；并利用pH纸层析等多种层析技术研究了该抗菌物质的水溶性、离子特性等一些理化性质，为这一农用抗生素的进一步纯化和结构测定提供依据．     

Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenols,from Mauritia flexuosa (Aguaje), Based on Controlled Dehydration

Plant polyphenols offer several benefits for the prevention of diverse illnesses. Fruit’s edible and inedible parts (pulp, seeds, peels, stems, flowers) are important sources of polyphenols. Different industrial processes for fruit treatment and commercialization affect the total polyphenol content (TPC), and probably the biological activity. The purpose of the present work was to determine the TPC and antioxidant activity (by DPPH) of polyphenols extracted from the pulp and seeds of Mauritia flexuosa (aguaje), in fresh and dehydrated forms, in order to determine the possible connection with the quantity of polyphenols and their specific antioxidant activity. The highest phenolic content for M. flexuosa seeds in fresh form (non-dehydrated) was 270.75 mg GAE/100 g with a 96-h extraction. With respect to the dehydrated samples, the best yield was quantified in the 96-h dehydrated seed sample. For all pulp and seeds, dehydrated for 24, 48, and 96 h, TPC showed a slightly decreasing pattern. The DPPH results were the highest in the 96-h dehydrated samples and the differences among all dehydrated pulp and seed samples were minimal. More studies testing the presence of other antioxidant components could help in understanding the detailed antioxidant activity, and related more to the specific action, rather than only total polyphenol content.     

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Active Components and Antioxidant Activity from Polygala tenuifolia: A Comparative Study of the Response Surface Methodology and Least Squares Support Vector Machine

Dried roots of Polygala tenuifolia (YuanZhi in Chinese) are widely used in Chinese herbal medicine. These components in YuanZhi have significant anti-oxidation properties owing to high levels of 3,6’-disinapoylsucrose (DISS) and Polygalaxanthone III (PolyIII). In order to efficiently extract natural medicines, response surface methodology (RSM) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) were used for the modeling and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of DISS and PolyIII together to determine the antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from YuanZhi. For the optimal combination of the comprehensive yield of DISS and PolyIII (Y), the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to improve extraction time (X₁), extraction temperature (X₂), liquid–solid ratio (X₃), and ethanol concentration (X₄). The optimal process parameters were determined to be as follows: extraction time, 93 min; liquid–solid ratio, 40 mL/g; extraction temperature, 48 °C; and ethanol concentration, 67%. With these conditions, the predictive optimal combination comprehensive evaluation value is 13.0217. It was clear that the LS-SVM model had higher accuracy in predictive and optimization capabilities, with higher antioxidant activity and lower relative deviations values, than did RSM. Hence, the LS-SVM model proved to be more effective for the analysis and improvement of the extraction process.     

Energetic Bio-Activation of Some Organic Molecules and Their Antioxidant Activity in the Pulp of the Moroccan Argan Tree «Argania spinosa L.»

Argania spinosa L. Skeels is an emblematic tree in Morocco, known worldwide for its medicinal and nutritional value. Its fruits contain kernels used to prepare an edible oil, the leaves are used to feed livestock, and its wood is used as fuel. If the oil acquires high importance, the other components of the fruit of the argan are undervalued. Our objective is to invest the waste of the argan industry. Particularly, our study aimed to assess the effect of thermal activation of argan pulp on its therapeutic value, its phenolic profile and its functional and physicochemical properties. After heat treatment, the HPLC analysis for the average total phenolic content varied from 2% to 37%, depending on temperature. The antioxidant activity was increased with heat treatment. Higher values of antioxidant activity, polyphenol and pigment content were recorded at 70 °C. Functional properties analysis indicated that water solubility index and water absorption capacity were significantly affected by heat stress. Physicochemical analysis showed that moisture content, titratable acidity and soluble solids were affected.     

Oxonitrogenated Derivatives of Eremophilans and Eudesmans: Antiproliferative and Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Activity

Cancer is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. Solid tumors represent the vast majority of cancers (>90%), and the chemotherapeutic agents used for their treatment are still characterized by variable efficacy and toxicity. Sesquiterpenes are a group of natural compounds that have shown a wide range of biological activities, including cytotoxic and antiparasitic activity, among others. The antiproliferative activity of natural sesquiterpenes, tessaric acid, ilicic acid, and ilicic alcohol and their semisynthetic derivatives against HeLa, T-47D, WiDr, A549, HBL-100, and SW1573 cell lines were evaluated. The effect of the compounds on Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes was also assessed. The selectivity index was calculated using murine splenocytes. Derivatives 13 and 15 were the most antiproliferative compounds, with GI₅₀ values ranging between 5.3 (±0.32) and 14 (±0.90) μM, in all cell lines tested. The presence of 1,2,3-triazole groups in derivatives 15–19 led to improvements in activity compared to those corresponding to the starting natural product (3), with GI₅₀ values ranging between 12 (±1.5) and 17 (±1.1) μM and 16 being the most active compound. In relation to the anti-T. cruzi activity, derivatives 7 and 16 obtained from tessaric acid and ilicic acid were among the most active and selective compounds with IC₅₀ values of 9.3 and 8.8 µM (SI = 8.0 and 9.4), respectively.