New Insights on Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl: UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Profile,Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

This study investigated the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and phytochemical profiling of extracts from the leaves and stem/root of Acanthus ebracteatus (AE). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, 2, 2′-azino-Bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity, metal chelating activities (MCA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) were used for antioxidant assessment. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves (AEL-nor) and stem/root (AEWP-nor) without chlorophyll removal and those with chlorophyll removal, using sedimentation process (AEL-sed and AEWP-sed), were prepared. Generally, AEL-sed showed the highest antioxidant activity (FRAP: 1113.2 µmol TE/g; ORAC: 11.52 µmol TE/g; MCA: 47.83 µmol EDTA/g; ABTS 67.73 µmol TE/g; DPPH 498.8 µmol TE/g; TPC: 140.50 mg/GAE g and TFC: 110.40 mg/CE g) compared with other extracts. Likewise, AEL-sed also showed the highest bacteriostatic (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) effects, as well as the highest anticancer and antiproliferative activity against oral squamous carcinoma (CLS-354/WT) cells. UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS analysis of AEL-sed and AEWP-sed tentatively identified several bioactive compounds in the extracts, including flavonoids, phenols, iridoids, and nucleosides. Our results provide a potentially valuable application for A. ebracteatus, especially in further exploration of the plant in oxidative stress-related disorders, as well as the application of the plant as potential nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.     

Synthesis,cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of symmetrically and non‐symmetrically benzyl‐ or p‐cyanobenzyl‐substituted N‐Heterocyclic carbene–silver complexes

From the reaction of 1H‐imidazole ( 1a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1H‐imidazole ( 1b ) and 1H‐benzimidazole ( 1c ) with p‐cyanobenzyl bromide ( 2 ), symmetrically substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 3a–c )] precursors, 1‐methylimidazole ( 5a ), 4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methylimidazole ( 5b ) and 1‐methylbenzimidazole ( 5c ) with benzyl bromide ( 6 ), non‐symmetrically substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) [( 7a–c )] precursors were synthesized. These NHC? precursors were then reacted with silver(I) acetate to yield the NHC‐silver complexes [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4a ), [4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4b ), [1,3‐bis(4‐cyanobenzyl)benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene] silver(I) acetate ( 4c ), (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8a ), (4,5‐dichloro‐1‐methyl‐3‐benzylimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8b ) and (1‐methyl‐3‐benzylbenzimidazole‐2‐ylidene) silver(I) acetate ( 8c ) respectively. The four NHC‐precursors 3a–c, 7c and four NHC–silver complexes 4a–c and 8c were characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The preliminary antibacterial activity of all the compounds was studied against Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus using the qualitative Kirby‐Bauer disc‐diffusion method. All NHC–silver complexes exhibited medium to high antibacterial activity with areas of clearance ranging from 4 to 12 mm at the highest amount used, while the NHC‐precursors showed significantly lower activity. In addition, all NHC–silver complexes underwent preliminary cytotoxicity tests on the human renal‐cancer cell line Caki‐1 and showed medium to high cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values ranging from 53 ( ± 8) to 3.2 ( ± 0.6) µM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The inhomogeneous electron liquid in some bioinorganic assemblies studied by density functional methods

The review starts with a discussion of some recent advances related to the foundations of density functional theory (DFT). Some emphasis is placed on methods which should have special relevance to bioinorganic assemblies. In particular, the inhomogeneous electron liquid in the ground state of such systems is a specific focal point. After a brief summary concerning the possible variational validity of some popular energy functionals, the future value of the important Dirac idempotent density matrix is emphasised, both from first principles and semiempirically by making use of X-ray diffraction experiments. The review concludes with two topical examples of bioinorganic assemblies. The first concerns our own work on an anticancer drug based on a Ru complex, while as a second example a recent DFT study of a molecular biosensor by K. Salazar-Salinas, L.A. Jauregui, C. Kubli-Garfias, J.M. Seminario [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 105101 (2009)] involving an Fe complex is briefly summarised.     

低聚壳聚糖金属卟啉络合物的制备及抗肿瘤细胞活性研究

制备了低聚壳聚糖金属（铜、钴）卟啉络合物,通过紫外-可见光谱和红外光谱对其进行了表征,采用SRB细胞染色法研究了低聚壳聚糖金属（铜、钴）卟啉络合物对人体肝癌细胞Bel-7721的毒活性.结果表明,系列化合物均对肝癌细胞Bel-7402有较强的抑制生长活性,IC50值均小于100μg/mL,在10~30μg/mL范围内,是一类具有应用前景的抗肿瘤药物前体.     

Alternative Synthesis and the Determination of Absolute Configuration of Docetaxel,an Anticancer Drug

Abstract

A simple, efficient, and alternative synthetic route for docetaxel with better control on the protection–deprotection sequence has been developed. The process is easily scalable and commercially viable, and critical impurities can be controlled efficiently. For the first time, absolute configuration of docetaxel was determined unambiguously by single-crystal x-ray diffraction.     

Synthesis of Alkyllysophospholipid Analogues with Readily Functionalized 1-O-Alkyl Side Chain

Synthesis of alkyllysophospholipid analogues 5a and 5b are described. These lipids have imide functional group attached on the terminal of 1-O-alkyl side chain suitable for further manipulations. Our approach features the use of mesylate 8 in which the mesyl group serves both as protecting group and electrophile.     

Synthesis and biological activity of novel N-substituted 4-amino-6,7,8-trimethoxyquinazoline compounds

A series of N-substituted 4-amino-6,7,8-trimethoxyquinazoline derivatives has been synthesized from 4-chloro-6,7,8-trimethoxyquinazoline and aryl (or benzyl) amines using 2-propanol as a solvent. The starting material 4-chloro-6,7,8-trimethoxyquinazoline has been synthesized from natural gallic acid by a novel route. Their structures have been verified by elemental analysis and IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The title compounds have been evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against some cancer cells by the MTT method. Unfortunately, most of the compounds tested have exhibited a weaker anticancer activity than the reference standard drug PD153035. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, 1521–1531, September, 2007.     

蒲葵籽活性单体的分离及其抗癌活性研究

通过乙醇浸提、乙酸乙酯萃取、减压蒸馏得到蒲葵籽乙酸乙酯相,经过硅胶色谱柱及TLC分离、结晶及重结晶等方法,获得7种主要的单体化合物,质谱表征结果显示分别为豆甾醇、薯蓣皂苷元、棕榈酸乙酯、小麦黄素、芹菜素、β-胡萝卜苷和正十六酸,其中薯蓣皂苷元首次从蒲葵籽乙酸乙酯相中获得。对分离出的单体化合物进行MTT法抗肿瘤实验,结果表明:薯蓣皂苷元及β-胡萝卜苷对肝癌细胞株Bel-7402、宫颈癌细胞株Hela及胃癌细胞株SGC7901的生长具有明显的抑制作用,是蒲葵籽抑制癌细胞功能的主要有效成分。     

虾青素的抗肿瘤作用及其机制

通过论述虾青素的抗肿瘤作用及机制研究,旨在为临床肿瘤治疗相关研究及未来应用提供参考。     

Review: recent advances and future development of metal complexes as anticancer agents

Since the initial discovery of applications of platinum complexes in the clinical treatment of many kinds of cancers, the efficiency of platinum complexes in inhibiting the proliferation of various types of tumors surprised researchers working on the development of anticancer drugs. Meanwhile, despite the potent clinical treatment patients get from platinum complexes, there are also disadvantages including limited solubility in aqueous media and side effects like ototoxicity, myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, and poor selectivity toward healthy cells. For this reason, efforts have been made to search for novel solutions. Non-platinum complexes (like Fe, Pd, Ru, Cu, Bi, Zn, etc.) were found with potential anticancer activities. We here review the properties of five metal complexes as anticancer agents and make comparisons among them in biological features and cytotoxic activity. Seeking the interrelation between microstructure and mechanism of anticancer, we hope this review provides distinct insights into future study of anticancer agents.