提高羽毛球运动员基本技术训练的效果

羽毛球运动员在全面提高阶段的基本技术训练应以实战为原则，在训练内容的安排、训练要求的提出和训练过程的控制上强调基本技术训练的实际效果与运动员实战能力的提高。     

Pseudomonas Lipopeptide-Mediated Biocontrol: Chemotaxonomy and Biological Activity

Pseudomonas lipopeptides (Ps-LPs) play crucial roles in bacterial physiology, host–microbe interactions and plant disease control. Beneficial LP producers have mainly been isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and from bulk soils. Despite their wide geographic distribution and host range, emerging evidence suggests that LP-producing pseudomonads and their corresponding molecules display tight specificity and follow a phylogenetic distribution. About a decade ago, biocontrol LPs were mainly reported from the P. fluorescens group, but this has drastically advanced due to increased LP diversity research. On the one hand, the presence of a close-knit relationship between Pseudomonas taxonomy and the molecule produced may provide a startup toolbox for the delineation of unknown LPs into existing (or novel) LP groups. Furthermore, a taxonomy–molecule match may facilitate decisions regarding antimicrobial activity profiling and subsequent agricultural relevance of such LPs. In this review, we highlight and discuss the production of beneficial Ps-LPs by strains situated within unique taxonomic groups and the lineage-specificity and coevolution of this relationship. We also chronicle the antimicrobial activity demonstrated by these biomolecules in limited plant systems compared with multiple in vitro assays. Our review further stresses the need to systematically elucidate the roles of diverse Ps-LP groups in direct plant–pathogen interactions and in the enhancement of plant innate immunity.     

黄瓜根结线虫拮抗菌筛选及作用机理初探

采用击倒、驱避、温室盆栽和田间小区试验相结合的方法,对已获得的多株拮抗菌株进行了防治黄瓜根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)的筛选实验,并对优势菌株的作用机理进行了初步研究.结果表明,在室内共同培养条件下,S506,Cm05和Ms2菌株表现优秀,对线虫的校正死亡率均在30%以上,其中S506最高,达48.8%;对线虫的驱避实验,以Cm05+S506组合最好;在连茬4,8,11 a的温室土壤上进行的盆栽和田间小区实验表明,S506的防效最高、最稳定,田间校正防效最高达85.29%,显著优于阿维菌素14.89%的防效.S506的抗线虫物质主要是胞外代谢产物.     

Influence of Olive Pomace Blending on Antioxidant Activity: Additive,Synergistic, and Antagonistic Effects

Food innovation is moving rapidly and comprises new categories of food products and/or ingredients with a natural and ecological origin. Monocultivar olive pomaces, individually or combined, can be a source of natural bioactive compounds suitable for food or cosmetic applications. This work aimed to assess the phenolics content and antioxidant activity of four monocultivar olive pomaces (Arbosana, Koroneiki, Oliana, and Arbequina) and forty-nine blends prepared with different proportions of each. Additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects were studied. Among the monocultivar pomaces, Koroneiki and Arbosana were the richest in total phenolics (~15 mg gallic acid eq./g). Most of the interactions found in the blends were additive or synergistic, while very few antagonistic effects were observed. The best results were obtained for those blends where the Koroneiki variety predominated: (i) 90% Koroneiki, 4.75% Oliana, 3.75% Arbequina, 1.5% Arbosana; (ii) 65% Koroneiki, 29% Oliana, 3.25% Arbequina, 2.75% Arbosana; and (iii) 85% Koroneiki, 8.75% Arbequina, 3.5% Arbosana, 2.75% Oliana. In sum, these combinations can be advantageous in comparison to the individual use of monocultivar pomaces, presenting a higher potential to be used as functional ingredients or for bioactive compounds extraction, having in view the obtention of natural preservatives or food/cosmetic formula enhancers.     

具有对抗性的群体突发事件应急决策策略研究

具有对抗性的群体突发事件给社会造成极大的危害.由于该类突发事件发生的时间、模式、方式、后果等均具有不确定性,给应急决策增加了很大的难度.在分析具有对抗性群体突发事件特征及其应急决策各要素的基础上,采用马尔可夫状态转移过程的理论模型,定义了两个具有对抗性群体突发事件应急决策Decision-Ⅰ和应急决策Decision-Ⅱ,分析了Decision-Ⅰ和Decision-Ⅱ间的内涵关系,证明了Decision-Ⅰ可以转化为Decision-Ⅱ决策、Decision-Ⅱ的最优应急决策策略适用于Decision-Ⅰ决策等结论.进一步给出并证明了Decision-Ⅱ决策最优稳妥策略的存在性.最后通过一个算例计算分析,验证了Decision-Ⅰ和Decision-Ⅱ模型的有效性和实用性.     

Studies of Synergism/Antagonism in Sodium Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate/Methyl Oleate Model Oil Systems

Experimental studies are conducted in order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for synergism/antagonism for lowering interfacial tension in alkyl benzene sulfonate/brine/methyl oleate model oil and alkyl benzene sulfonate/alkali/methyl oleate model oil systems. We found that different mechanisms exist in above two systems. In alkyl benzene sulfonate/brine/methyl oleate model oil systems, methyl oleate influences the partition of added surfactants between oil and aqueous phase by changing equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) value of model oil. In alkyl benzene sulfonate/alkali/methyl oleate model oil systems, methyl oleate in oil phase has two functions: on the one hand, it influences the partition of surfactant between oil and aqueous phase; on the other hand, it directly affects IFT by displacing surfactant molecule or forming mixed film with surfactant molecule at the interface.     

氟对黄牛细胞免疫功能的影响

为探讨氟对牛体的免疫毒性及饲料添加硒铜镁对氟性免疫毒性的保护作用，选择宁夏青铜峡市一般条件下饲养的高氟地区黄牛３２头，饲料添加硒，铜或硒铜镁，另选非高氟区奶，黄牛各８头作对照，分别于试验的０，３０，８３ｄ采样，测定氟，血红蛋白和淋巴细胞转化试验，结果表明：高氟对照黄牛血红蛋白含量和淋巴细胞转化 率显著降低，高氟加硒黄牛淋巴细胞转化 率第８３ｄ显著升高，高氟加硒铜镁组黄牛淋巴细胞转化率于试验的３０ｄ     

Synergism and antagonism in phase transfer catalysis

Synergism and antagonism phenomena in phase transfer catalytic reactions have been considered. The factors responsible for the Synergism in the catalysis by an onium salt-crown ether mixture have been determined. Special attention have been paid to quantitative estimation of synergism and antagonism. The influence of addition of water on the rates of the reactions in solid-liquid systems have been discussed.In memory of the 75th anniversary of Member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR L. M. Litvinenko.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2108–2114, November, 1995.     

谈篮球运动的“攻击性”防守及训练

本文谈的“攻击性”防守及训练主要对防持球队员和无球队员进行一些技术上的分析;通过数据分析,根据我国篮球的现状,提出了防守具备的条件和训练注意的几个方面以及训练方法运用时机,阐述了“攻击性”防守在篮球比赛中的重要性。     

日本亮耳菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗试验

 首次报道了日本亮耳真菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗活性.结果表明:除对竹荪疫霉(Phytophthora sp.)的拮抗方式是菌丝缠绕作用外,该菌株的菌丝体及其发酵液滤液对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)和稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)均有很强的拮抗活性.