Viscous synergy and antagonism,excess molar volume,isoentropic compressibility and excess molar refraction of ternary mixtures containing tetrahydrofuran,methanol and six membered cyclic compounds at 298.15 K

The densities (ρ), viscosities (η), sound speeds (u) and refractive indices (n _D) of seven ternary mixtures of cyclic ether (tetrahydrofuran), methanoland cyclic compounds; benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, anisole, cyclohexane and cyclohexanone are determined over the entire range of composition at 298.15?K. From the experimental observations, viscosity deviation (Δη), the viscous synergy and antagonism, synergic and antagonic index are derived by the equations developed by Kalentunc-Gencer and Peleg [G. Kalentunc-Gencer and M. Peleg, J. Texture Stud. 17, 61 (1986)] and Howell [N.K. Howell, Presented at the Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference, Wales, 1993], respectively. Excess molar volume (V ^E), excess isoentropic compressibility (ΔK _S) and excess molar refraction (ΔR) have been calculated from the experimentally measured density, sound speed and refractive index values. The excess Gibb's free energy of activation (ΔG ^E) has also been calculated. The results are discussed and interpreted in terms of molecular package and specific interaction predominated by hydrogen bonding.     

绿豆立枯病根际生防细菌的筛选

采用对峙法分别在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂,胰酶大豆琼脂和麦芽酵母葡萄糖琼脂3种培养基上测定了从绿豆根际分离的62株细菌对于绿豆立枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的拮抗作用,筛选出2株具有较强拮抗作用,即05-33和05-49.室内盆栽实验结果表明,其防治效果分别为76.1%和71.8%,均优于多菌灵拌种的防治效果.利用形态学和生理生化方法对菌株进行初步鉴定的结果是, 05-33属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp),05-49属于假单孢菌(Pseudomonas sp).     

Resveratrol,EGCG and Vitamins Modulate Activated T Lymphocytes

Vitamins and bioactives, which are constituents of the food chain, modulate T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, antibody production, and prevent inflammation and autoimmunity. We investigated the effects of vitamins (vitamin A (VA), D (VD), E (VE)) and bioactives (i.e., resveratrol (Res), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)) on the adaptive immune response, as well as their synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Freshly isolated T lymphocytes from healthy individuals were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies for 4–5 days in the presence of bioactives and were analyzed by cytofluorometry. Interleukins, cytokines, and chemokines were measured by multiple ELISA. Gene expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Res and EGCG increased CD4 surface intensity. EGCG led to an increased proportion of CD8⁺ lymphocytes. Anti-CD3/CD28 activation induced exuberant secretion of interleukins and cytokines by T lymphocyte subsets. VD strongly enhanced T_h2 cytokines (e.g., IL-5, IL-13), whereas Res and EGCG favored secretion of T_h1 cytokines (e.g., IL-2, INF-γ). Res and VD mutually influenced cytokine production, but VD dominated the cytokine secretion pattern. The substances changed gene expression of interleukins and cytokines in a similar way as they did secretion. Collectively, VD strongly modulated cytokine and interleukin production and favored T_h2 functions. Resveratrol and EGCG promoted the T_h1 response. VA and VE had only a marginal effect, but they altered both T_h1 and T_h2 response. In vivo, bioactives might therefore interact with vitamins and support the outcome and extent of the adaptive immune response.     

基于拮抗作用机制的仿生致动元件设计

为了减少致动元件的能量消耗,模拟自然肌肉高效驱动的拮抗作用机制,设计了以力学拮抗作用的能量转化而实现运动能量输出的新型致动元件.以高能量密度的磁体和具有良好伸缩性能的聚合物构建致动元件,分析了致动元件的磁场力与弹性力的拮抗特性及其运动触发机制,同时,实验分析了以电磁线圈为拮抗作用触发元件的力学特性.结果表明,电磁线圈能够有效触发具有磁场能和弹性势能元件的拮抗作用,以力学拮抗形式的能量转换方式可构建高效致动元件.     

中国古典谋略与战争中的心理博弈

奇正相生、虚实相合,刚柔并济、软硬兼施,因敌制变、因情措法,绵里藏针、对症下药,先胜后战、先声夺人等中国古典谋略思想,植根于中华传统文化的肥沃土壤,来源于历代丰富的战争实践,汲取了古典哲学思维、兵学思想和谋略艺术中的不朽智慧,对于战争中心理博弈能力、技巧和水平的提升具有重要的指导意义。     

“孝”与华裔美国文学中的“美国梦”——以《喜福会》和《荣誉与责任》为例

儒家文化中的孝道强调长辈与晚辈之间的等级关系和家族责任的传递，而华裔美国文学中的“美国梦”与儒家文化有着复杂的文化和经济纠葛。这种纠葛在《喜福会》和《荣誉与责任》两部小说中呈现出两种不同的典型模式：一种是对抗与断裂；另一种为协商与超越。     

应然与实然:学校道德教育中的二元对立

我国现行的道德教育在教育对象的理解、教育目标的设置、教育内容的构建、教育方法的选择、教育效果的评价和教育理想的预设等方面存在着明显的应然与实然的二元对立。这种对立与道德产生的历史渊源、道德所属的学科背景和社会主流意识的倡导都有关系。在崇尚以人为本的今天,只有在实践中强调道德教育主体的积极参与和体验,道德教育才能够回到本源,学校道德教育才能够真正进入应然状态。     

硒酵母生理功能研究(Ⅱ)──对汞中毒小鼠体重及全血 GSH-Px 活性的影响

对离乳雄性小白鼠进行不同饲喂实验,观察硒酵母对汞中毒小鼠体重及其全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性的影响．实验结果表明,汞显著抑制了小鼠全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性,仅为对照组的６０．４％,而同时给汞和硒酵母的小鼠ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性不但没有降低,还比对照组提高了５０％以上,说明硒酵母对汞中毒引起的ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性下降有显著的拮抗效应,这种效应在小鼠的生长和行为等方面也有同样的表现．     

石斛共生真菌木霉菌拮抗作用的初步研究

为探讨拮抗真菌及其次生代谢产物对石斛病原菌生长的影响,从药用植物石斛中分离、鉴定和筛选出对常见病原真菌镰刀菌(Fusarium)有拮抗作用的木霉菌(Trichoderma).通过平板对峙培养,观察其对镰刀菌生长的影响;通过几丁质水解圈实验,检测木霉几丁质酶的活力.该研究所筛选获得的木霉生防菌株,可应用于石斛的栽培管理,...     

利用KS基因筛选Ⅱ型聚酮类化合物产生菌的方法研究

根据酮基合酶编码基因(ketoacyl synthase,KS)的同源性设计简并引物,并利用PCR技术快速筛选携带聚酮类化合物编码基因的放线菌菌株.试验筛选了33株放线菌菌株,检测获得PKSⅡ型阳性菌株16株.克隆并测序获得16条KS基因序列,进行BLAST同源性比对,与GenBank中已知的KS基因序列的相似度在89%~99%之间.提交GenBank,获得的各菌株KS基因登录号为FJ620885~FJ620889,FJ620892,FJ878801~FJ878810.抑菌实验表明,携带KS基因的16株放线菌中,13株具有抑制真菌活性,2株具有抑制革兰氏阳性细菌活性.系统进化树分析表明16株放线菌可以分为7个类群,其中,具有产生新型聚酮类化合物潜力的菌株8株,说明筛选出的KS基因具有一定的多样性.结果表明,利用PCR技术可以快速有效筛选Ⅱ型KS基因,为生物资源的开发利用奠定基础.