2-酰胺-6-乙酰基吡啶类化合物的微波合成及其晶体结构

2,6-二甲基吡啶经氧化、酯化、Claisen酯缩合后制得新型化合物2-乙酯基-6-乙酰基吡啶(4), 用其作为前驱体, 与一系列小分子脂肪胺: 甲胺、乙胺、乙二胺在微波条件下生成3个吡啶酰胺化合物5, 6, 7. 通过元素分析, ¹H NMR, IR和MS对这些化合物进行了表征. 对6-乙酰基-N-甲基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(5)的X射线晶体衍射研究表明: 其属于正交晶系, Pca2(1)空间群, 晶胞参数a＝2.2784(2) nm, b＝0.4350(4) nm, c＝0.9267(3) nm; α＝β＝γ＝90°; D_c＝1.288 Mg•m^－3, V＝0.91856(14) nm³. 实验还发现: 2-乙酯基-6-乙酰基吡啶与脂肪胺及芳香胺缩合时会发生两类不同的反应, 小分子脂肪胺选择与酯基发生胺解反应, 而芳香胺则率先在乙酰基上发生席夫碱缩合. 对这两类有趣的反应机理进行了深入探讨.     

Intermolecular,Branch‐Selective,and Redox‐Neutral Cp*IrIII‐Catalyzed Allylic C−H Amidation

Herein, we report the redox‐neutral, intermolecular, and highly branch‐selective amidation of allylic C?H bonds enabled by Cp*Ir^III catalysis. A variety of readily available carboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding dioxazolones and efficiently coupled with terminal and internal olefins in high yields and selectivities. Mechanistic investigations support the formation of a nucleophilic Ir^III–allyl intermediate rather than the direct insertion of an Ir–nitrenoid species into the allylic C?H bond.     

Amide-Functionalized Porous Carbonaceous Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Porous carbonaceous anode materials have received considerable attention as an alternative anode material, however, there is a critical bottleneck as it suffers from a large irreversible specific capacity loss over several initial cycles owing to undesired surface reactions. In order to suppress undesired surface reactions of porous carbonaceous anode material, here, we suggest a simple and convenient two-step surface modification approach that allows the embedding of an amide functional group on the surface of a porous carbonaceous anode, which effectively improves the surface stability. In this approach, the porous carbonaceous anode material is firstly activated by means of strong acid treatment comprising a combination of H₂SO₄ and HNO₃, and it is subjected to further modification by means of an amide coupling reaction. Our additional systematic analyses confirm that the acid functional group effectively transforms into the amide functional group. The resulting amide-functionalized porous carbon exhibits an improved electrochemical performance: the initial discharge specific capacity is greatly reduced to less than 2,620 mA h g⁻¹ and charge specific capacity is well still remained, indicating stabling cycling performance of the cell.     

Amide bond synthesis via silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated oxidative coupling of alcohols with amines under base free conditions

We present a base free method for amide bond construction via oxidative coupling of alcohols with amines catalyzed by Silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbenes (Ag(I)-NHCs) and mediated by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in ethanol. The results of controlled experiments suggest that the oxidative coupling proceeds through the formation of aldehyde, then subsequent attack by amine to give hemiaminal, which can then be oxidized to amide.     

A Journey from June 2018 to October 2021 with N,N-Dimethylformamide and N,N-Dimethylacetamide as Reactants

A rich array of reactions occur using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as reactants, these two amides being able to deliver their own H, C, N, and O atoms for the synthesis of a variety of compounds. This account highlights the literature published since June 2018, completing previous reviews by the author.     

Friedel-Crafts-Type Acylation and Amidation Reactions in Strong Brønsted Acid: Taming Superelectrophiles

In this review, we discuss Friedel-Crafts-type aromatic amidation and acylation reactions, not exhaustively, but mainly based on our research results. The electrophilic species involved are isocyanate cation and acylium cation, respectively, and both have a common ⁺C=O structure, which can be generated from carboxylic acid functionalities in a strong Brønsted acid. Carbamates substituted with methyl salicylate can be easily ionized to the isocyanate cation upon (di)protonation of the salicylate. Carboxylic acids can be used directly as a source of acylium cations. However, aminocarboxylic acids are inert in acidic media because two positively charged sites, ammonium and acylium cation, will be generated, resulting in energetically unfavorable charge-charge repulsion. Nevertheless, the aromatic acylation of aminocarboxylic acids can be achieved by using tailored phosphoric acid esters as Lewis bases to abrogate the charge-charge repulsion. Both examples tame the superelectrophilic character.     

Propargyl‐Assisted Selective Amidation Applied in C‐terminal Glycine Peptide Conjugation

Alkyl esters, such as propargyl esters, typically lack the electron‐withdrawing inductive effects needed to participate in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. Herein, we report an unusual observation in which glycine propargyl ester derivatives displayed selective, base‐independent reactivity towards linear alkylamines under mild, metal‐free conditions. Through global reaction route mapping (GRRM) modeling calculations, it is predicted that these observations may be governed by factors related to hydrogen‐bonding and intermolecular interactions, rather than electron‐withdrawing inductive effects. Based on this concept of propargyl‐assisted selective amidation, a direct application was made to develop a novel site‐specific C‐terminal glycine peptide bioconjugation technique as a proof‐of‐concept, which relies upon the selective reactivity of glycine propargyl esters over that of aspartate and glutamate side‐chain‐linked propargyl esters.     

Highly substituted indol-2-ones, quinoxalin-2-ones and benzodiazepin-2,5-diones via a new Ugi(4CR)-Pd assisted N-aryl amidation strategy

A new strategy employing an Ugi four-component reaction and a palladium-assisted intramolecular N-aryl amidation reaction is reported. The straight forward two-step synthesis generates N-heterocyclic compounds with four points of diversity from trivial starting materials with acceptable yields. This new reaction is also suitable for the generation of compound libraries.     

4-Hydroxy-2-quinolones. 111. Simple synthesis of 1-substituted 4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids

A preparative method of obtaining 1-substituted 4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids is proposed. Features of their spatial structure have been studied. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–74, January, 2007.