孔性氧化铝模板与一维纳米新材料的制备

纳米材料尤其是以碳纳米管有序阵列为代表的一维纳米阵列材料的重要价值,促进了人们对模板合成方法的研究。本文简要回顾和总结了近年来有关孔性氧化铝模板的制备及其应用的研究进展,结合我们实验室的部分相关研究工作,揭示了孔性氧化铝模板在合成与组装一维纳米新材料方面的重要作用,以进一步活跃和促进该重要领域的研究和发展。     

Determination of trace amounts of cadmium and copper by atomic absorption spectrometry after simultaneous extraction and preconcentration using a new water-soluble polyacrylic acid/alumina sorbent

An analytical method using alumina modified with water-soluble polyacrylic acid polymer for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of trace Cu and Cd in a column system, and their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed. The conditions for coating Al₂O₃ with polyacrylic acid were optimized, then the column was packed with 50 mg of this sorbent. Cd and Cu solution was passed through a glass column at pH 4.5, and elution was carried out with 5 mL of 0.05 M HCl at a flow rate of 1 mL min⁻¹. A sorption capacity of 10 mg Cu and 12 mg Cd was obtained for 1 g sorbent. The detection limit was calculated as 4.5 μg L⁻¹ for Cu and 1.54 μg L⁻¹ for Cd in the final solution. Enrichment factors of 300 for Cd and 400 for Cu were obtained.     

Hydrogen-induced metal-oxide interaction studied on noble metal model catalysts

Summary The effect of hydrogen reduction on the structure and catalytic properties of “thin film”and “inverse”model systems for supported metal catalysts is discussed. Thin film model catalysts were obtained by epitaxial growth of Pt and Rh nanoparticles on NaCl(001), which were coated with amorphous or crystalline supports of alumina, silica, titania, ceria and vanadia. Structural and morphological changes upon hydrogen reduction between 473 and 973 K were examined by high resolution electron microscopy. Metal-oxide interaction sets in at a specific reduction temperature and is characterized by an initial “wetting”stage, followed by alloy formation at increasing temperature, in the order VO_x< TiO_x< SiO₂< CeO_x< Al₂O₃. “Inverse”model systems were prepared by deposition of oxides on a metal substrate, e.g. VO_x/Rh and VO_x/Pd. Reduction of inverse systems at elevated temperature induces subsurface alloy formation. In contrast to common bimetallic surfaces, the stable subsurface alloys of V/Rh and V/Pd have a purely noble metal-terminated surface, with V positioned in near-surface layers. The uniform composition of the metallic surface layer excludes catalytic ensemble effects in favor of ligand effects. Activity and selectivity, e.g. for CO and CO₂methanation and for partial oxidation of ethene, are mainly controlled by the temperature of annealing or reduction. Reduction above 573 K turned out to be beneficial for the catalytic activity of the subsurface alloys, but not for the corresponding thin film systems which tend to deactivate viaparticle encapsulation.</o:p>     

PIA法制备MMCs骨架工艺及进展

综述了有机前驱体浸渍烧蚀法(PIA)制备金属基复合材料(MMCs)用金属间化合物或陶瓷网络结构预制体的工艺过程及技术方法，分析了其制备工艺特点，指出。PIA法是目前制备MMCs最方便有效的方法。并论述了工艺进展的情况，展望了其发展前景，提出下一步需要解决的问题。     

钇掺杂对氧化铝膜的热稳定性及其孔结构的影响

以异丙醇铝和Y(NO3)3为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂钇的无支撑Al2O3膜,采用XRD、DTA-TG、BET等测试手段分析钇的掺杂对Al2O3膜的物相组成、热稳定性、以及Al2O3膜孔结构在不同煅烧温度时的影响.研究结果表明:掺杂钇能提高γ-Al2O3相向α-Al2O3相的转变温度和Al2O3膜的热稳定性.钇的掺杂也明显了改善了Al2O3膜在高温煅烧中的孔结构参数.     

现代陶瓷雕塑表现手法简析

现代陶瓷雕塑艺术的表现手法，可以概括为两个方面：成型手法和装饰手法。成型手法主要指直接成型与间接成型。在制作过程中，体现在对传统陶瓷肌理成型方法的拆解、对传统陶瓷成型方法的借用和体悟，然后重构而成。在装饰手法方面，体现在对传统装饰手法的新发现、反借用、对材质本身的直接借用三个方面。     

Al2O3陶瓷的动态响应特性及Hugoniot本构关系研究

利用VISAR系统测量技术和Lagrange测量技术,研究YB AD90陶瓷的动态响应特性,给出了该材料的Hugoniot弹性极限σHEL,动态屈服强度及各实验点的Hugoniot状态量。结果表明:YB AD90陶瓷的Hugoniot形变过程是一个典型的弹塑性形变过程;当冲击应力在σHEL为11.0GPa附近的范围内,此材料在塑性区的压缩特性表现出较明显的弥散行为。由实验结果拟合得到了材料的应力σ和比容V关系的拟合曲线及一个比较简单的应力σ和比容V的Hugoniot动态本构关系。     

挠性结构模型的频域极大似然法辨识

在构建的以压电陶瓷为执行器、电阻式应变片为传感器的挠性悬臂梁物理实验系统基础上,优化设计多正弦辨识输入信号,利用频域极大似然法辨识得到了整个系统的数学模型,并根据该模型进行了数字和物理控制仿真,验证了模型的有效性.良好的控制效果表明:对于挠性结构,频域极大似然法是一种有效的模型辨识方法.     

Stress corrosion cracking and its anisotropy of a PZT ferroelectric ceramics

It is known that some types of ceramics, like Al2O3 and ZrO2, undergo stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or static fatigue fracture under static loading, ever in a rela-tively mild environment, such as moist atmosphere or water at room temperature, which leads to a time-dependent fracture[1—4]. For a transmission electron microscopy specimen of YBa2Cu3O7-x ceramics superconductor, SCC induced by residual stress can occur in an atmosphere with low moisture content[5]. For a lead zirconate ti…     

纳米陶瓷及其在轴承工业中的应用

简要介绍了纳米陶瓷及其独特的性能、纳米陶瓷粉体的制备以及纳米陶瓷的最新发展,重点介绍了在轴承工业领域中,纳米陶瓷的广泛应用。