钒电池电解液体积变化规律研究

研究了钒电池在使用阳离子交换膜稳定运行过程中电解液体积的变化情况, 分析了影响因素, 并总结了变化规律. 离子的电迁移使电解液体积随充放电容量的变化线性改变, 充电过程正极电解液体积线性减小, 负极电解液体积线性增大; 放电过程反之. 多次充放电循环过程中, 钒离子的净渗透方向是由负极到正极, 水的净变化方向与钒离子相同, 最终使得多次循环过程正极电解液的体积逐渐增加.     

Muscle oxygenation measurement in humans by noninvasive optical spectroscopy and Locally Weighted Regression

We have developed a method to make real-time, continuous, noninvasive measurements of muscle oxygenation (Mox) from the surface of the skin. A key development was measurement in both the visible and near infrared (NIR) regions. Measurement of both oxygenated and deoxygenated myoglobin and hemoglobin resulted in a more accurate measurement of Mox than could be achieved with measurement of only the deoxygenated components, as in traditional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Using the second derivative with respect to wavelength reduced the effects of scattering on the spectra and also made oxygenated and deoxygenated forms more distinguishable from each other. Selecting spectral bands where oxygenated and deoxygenated forms absorb filtered out noise and spectral features unrelated to Mox. NIR and visible bands were scaled relative to each other in order to correct for errors introduced by normalization. Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) was used to estimate Mox from spectra within each data set collected from healthy subjects. A Locally Weighted Regression (LWR) model was built from calibration set spectra and associated Mox values from 20 subjects using 2562 spectra. LWR and Partial Least Squares (PLS) allow accurate measurement of Mox despite variations in skin pigment or fat layer thickness in different subjects. The method estimated Mox in five healthy subjects with an RMSE of 5.4%.     

All-atom de novo protein folding with a scalable evolutionary algorithm

The search for efficient and predictive methods to describe the protein folding process at the all-atom level remains an important grand-computational challenge. The development of multi-teraflop architectures, such as the IBM BlueGene used in this study, has been motivated in part by the large computational requirements of such studies. Here we report the predictive all-atom folding of the forty-amino acid HIV accessory protein using an evolutionary stochastic optimization technique. We implemented the optimization method as a master-client model on an IBM BlueGene, where the algorithm scales near perfectly from 64 to 4096 processors in virtual processor mode. Starting from a completely extended conformation, we optimize a population of 64 conformations of the protein in our all-atom free-energy model PFF01. Using 2048 processors the algorithm predictively folds the protein to a near-native conformation with an RMS deviation of 3.43 A in < 24 h.     

钙钛矿型太阳电池研究进展

自从2009年钙钛矿材料被应用到太阳电池领域,到现在仅6年的时间里,钙钛矿型太阳电池的光伏转换效率从约3%提高到20.1%,受到全球瞩目。 本文对近年来钙钛矿型太阳电池的发展进行了综述,介绍了钙钛矿吸光材料的性能及其制备,总结了钙钛矿型太阳电池器件结构及其内在机理,探讨了该类型电池待突破的方向和可能的解决途径,阐述了钙钛矿型太阳电池的进展历程,展望了未来发展方向。     

山东省高校体育教学现状与思考

该文围绕“学校教育要贯彻健康第一的指导思想”这一主题，对山东省高校普通体育课的教学指导思想、教学模式、教材内容、师资状况的现状进行分析，提出要使广大学生牢固树立健康第一的思想和养成终生健身的良好习惯，须从基础的体育课教材撤换和组织好课外活动着手 .     

论社会主义与人的自由和全面发展

人的自由和全面发展是马克思一贯倡导并始终坚持的主导价值取向,是马克思主义学说的灵魂.中国共产党继承和发展了马克思主义关于人的自由和全面发展的思想,同时,立足于中国社会主义初级阶段的实际,积极创造条件,稳妥地推进人的自由和全面发展.     

Preparation and properties of two indium antimony selenides

Crystals of antimony-doped In₂Se₃ were grown by the Bridgeman method. This compound, whose composition is In_1.8Sb_0.2Se₃, appears to be isostructural with In_1.9As_0.1Se₃. The refined unit cell parameters are a = 3.97(1), c = 18.87(1) Å. Orthorhombic crystals of InSbSe₃ were grown from an isothermal melt. The refined unit cell parameters are a = 9.43(1), b = 14.02(5), and c = 3.96(1) Å. These parameters agree with those determined for α-InSbSe₃ by other studies. The observed densities measured by a hydrostatic technique are 5.98(3) g/cm³ for In_1.8Sb_0.2Se₃ and 6.07(2) g/cm³ for InSbSe₃. The room temperature dc resistivity for In_1.8Sb_0.2Se₃ has been found to be 4.4 × 10⁴ Ω-cm, whereas that of InSbSe₃ has been found to be 15.2(1) Ω-cm. A resistivity versus temperature study has beenn carried out for InSbSe₃ between 230 and 400°K. Optical studies indicate that In_1.8Sb_0.2Se₃ is an n-type semiconductor with a band gap of 1.1 eV and InSbSe₃ is a p-type semiconductor with a band gap of 0.92 eV.     

高功率高重频U型腔激光器的仿真与实验研究

为了得到结构紧凑的高功率、高重复频率固体激光器,设计了“U”型光学谐振腔,并利用LAS-CAD软件分析了激光晶体的热效应和激光输出特性。根据仿真结果进行了具体实验,最终得到了腔长400 mm的紧凑型固体激光器。在重复频率为100 kHz,泵浦功率为60 W时,输出功率达到21.6 W,光-光转换效率为36%,斜率效率为39.9%。     

大时滞系统全参数自适应预测控制策略

针对大时滞系统纯滞后时间长、参数时变的特点,提出一种基于改进的粒子群优化的自适应预测控制算法.利用改进的粒子群优化算法对时变大时滞系统模型的全部参数进行辨识,从而克服预测模型失配对系统控制性能的影响,并且将粒子群优化算法用于预测控制滚动寻优,有效解决系统存在约束条件下的最优值求解问题.仿真结果验证所提方法的有效性和优越性.