海藻酸钙季铵盐衍生物微球的制备及表征

采用乳化—凝胶法制备了海藻酸钙及其季铵盐衍生物微球,考察了海藻酸钠浓度、搅拌速度、油水比例、季铵盐浓度等因素对制备海藻酸钙季铵盐衍生物微球形态及粒径分布的影响.用红外光谱仪与光学显微镜对所制备的海藻酸钙季铵盐衍生物微球进行了表征.结果表明,通过对制备条件的优化,可制备出分布较均匀,形态较好的海藻酸钙季铵盐衍生物微球.     

海藻活性物质在功能食品中的应用

海藻是海洋植物的主体,可提取出海藻酸盐、卡拉胶、琼胶等海藻胶以及岩藻多糖、海藻碘、甘露醇、维生素、多酚、矿物质元素等种类繁多的海藻活性物质。以海藻胶、海藻胶寡糖、岩藻多糖、海藻酸丙二醇酯等为代表的海藻多糖及其衍生物具有凝胶、增稠、乳化、成膜等理化特性和改善胃肠道系统、抗氧化等健康功效,在海洋功能食品的研发、生产中有很高的应用价值,是一类重要的海洋功能性食品配料,其开发利用是当前及今后很长时间内海洋功能食品领域的热点之一。介绍海藻酸盐、卡拉胶、琼胶等为代表的海藻胶以及岩藻多糖、海藻胶寡糖为代表的海藻活性物质的理化性能和生物活性功效,对进一步推广海藻活性物质在功能食品领域的应用有重要价值。     

鱼明胶/海藻酸钠复合凝胶特性研究

为改善鱼明胶单网络凝胶的性能,利用复凝聚法制备不同质量浓度的鱼明胶/海藻酸钠复合凝胶,研究其表观特征、色度值和流变性质,并以单一鱼明胶凝胶为对照。实验结果表明,随着鱼明胶质量浓度提高(0.06~0.10g/mL),单一凝胶弹性增加,网络结构更加优良,但在较低质量浓度(0.06、0.07g/mL)时,凝胶脆性大、易破碎;复合凝胶整体展现了良好的凝胶特性,成型效果较好,且随着海藻酸钠质量浓度的提高(0.01~0.03g/mL),凝胶强度持续提高。由此表明,海藻酸钠的加入可以改善复合凝胶的凝胶强度。通过研究不同质量浓度鱼明胶与海藻酸钠在不同阶段的凝胶性质,为二者复合物的实际应用提供了更多理论依据。     

Self-assembly of fibrous ZSM-5 zeolites in the presence of sodium alginate

ZSM-5 zeolites with a fibrous morphology were successfully self-assembled in the presence of sodium alginate. The effect of the sodium alginate concentration, Si/Al molar ratio in the synthesis gel, crystallization temperature and time, and the addition order of the sodium alginate on the morphology of the ZSM-5 zeolites was investigated. The possible formation mechanism of fibrous ZSM-5 zeolite crystals was also proposed. The results indicated that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of sodium alginate synergistically induced the self-stacking of ZSM-5 nanocrystals and thus the formation of the fibrous ZSM-5 zeolites. The Si/Al molar ratio of the fibrous ZSM-5 zeolites could be adjusted by controlling the amount of the NaAlO₂ additive; however, high Si/Al molar ratios also hindered the self-stacking of ZSM-5 nanocrystals. A high crystallization temperature (180 °C), a moderate sodium alginate concentration (8.33 g/L), and the addition of sodium alginate prior to tetraethoxysilane were necessary for the formation of fibrous ZSM-5 zeolites.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate/Silica Biocomposites

We have investigated the formation of silica/alginate biocomposites. The silica gel was first obtained by the sol-gel route using aqueous precursors, in the presence of the polymer. Gelation of the trapped alginate could be consequently performed by addition of a divalent metal cation. Thermogravimetric analysis, SEM and nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments indicated that the polymer is located in the macroporosity of the biocomposites so that it can be partially removed by citrate treatment. Even though only weak hydrogen bonds are expected, the morphological features of the composites revealed to depend on the biopolymer content of the initial solution.     

用海藻酸钙包埋法固定化蓝色梨头霉菌生产氢化可的松的初步研究

初步研究了海藻酸钙包埋法固定化技术在氢化可的松生产中的应用。确定了底物R.S.A的最佳投料时间为32h、最适的固定化梨头霉菌孢子液浓度为5×106个/mL,选择洗衣粉作为表面活性剂的最适添加量为0.04%。确定了固定化霉菌培养基的最优组成。结果表明,固定化的梨头霉菌重复使用5次以后,其羟基化酶的转化能力没有明显下降。     

肽类药物口服剂型材料及控制释放性能研究Ⅰ.壳聚糖─海藻酸盐微囊对胰岛素的控释作用

应用壳聚糖-海藻酸盐微囊技术制备了一系列胰岛素微囊，并研究了不同反应条件如海藻酸钠浓度、壳聚糖浓度、壳聚糖分子量及壳聚糖溶液pH值对微囊的胰岛素包封率及其释放性能的影响。结果表明，海藻酸钠浓度越高，微囊对胰岛素的包封率越高，在模拟小肠液中释放速率越低；壳聚糖浓度越大，微囊的胰岛素包封率及其在模拟胃液中释放率越高，在模拟肠液中释放达最大值所需时间越长；而随壳聚糖分子量减小，微囊在胃液中释放率增高；壳聚糖溶液pH值的变化对微囊的胰岛素包封率未造成明显影响。     

3种多糖对草莓的保鲜作用

以草莓为对象,通过连续多次测定贮藏期内草莓的失重率、腐烂率、感官评价、硬度、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸和抗氧化活性等指标,比较壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖等3种常用多糖保鲜材料的保鲜作用及特点.结果表明3种多糖对草莓贮藏期内的多个生理生化指标具有明显的改善作用,能有效延长草莓货架期.其中壳聚糖保鲜作用最好,魔芋葡甘聚糖对草莓有机酸的维持作用最好.     

Sorption of chrysoidine by row cork and cork entrapped in calcium alginate beads

Azo-dyes, molecules characterised by the presence of the azo-group (–NN–), are widely used in textile, leather, rubber, plastic, and food industries. Water-soluble azo-dyes are greatly resistant to biodegradation, and are characterised by a high thermal and photo stability due to their complex structures. The release of these molecules into the environment is of crucial concern due to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics. Biosorption has been demonstrated an effective method to remove pollutants from wastewaters thus solving ecological tasks, being a low cost process and the sorbent biodegradable. The main requirements of an efficient sorbent are thermal, chemical and mechanical stability, and rapid sorption.In this work, the ability of both row cork and the same sorbent entrapped in a biopolymeric gel of calcium alginate, on the removal of chrysoidine from aqueous solutions was examined.The influence on the sorption of pH, initial dye concentration, and particle size, as well as the efficiency of the entrapment, have been investigated. The maximum sorption was found for cork samples of fine particle size (FC), in both row and entrapped forms, at pH 7; conversely, at pH 4 the difference is significant (0.12 mmol/g for row cork and 0.20 mmol/g for entrapped cork), evoking a cooperation of alginate in binding the positively charged chrysoidine molecule.