拉米夫定-海藻酸钠/壳聚糖核壳结构微球的制备及释药性能

应用反相乳液分散-离子键合法,以戊二醛(GD)为交联剂制备负载拉米夫定的海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微球(LAMV-SALG/CS). 利用拉米夫定的氨基与海藻酸钠的羧基形成弱酸弱碱盐键,使该药物被稳定包覆在微球内层,再以交联壳聚糖作为微球外层而形成具有核壳结构的复合微球. 对微球的理化性质及释药性能进行表征及研究. 结果表明,制备的LAMV-SALG/CS微球形貌规整,平均粒径约为2 m. 测得微球载药质量分数为116%,药物包封率为703%;CS的活性氨基和戊二醛的羰基结合,形成交联网络,药物被包覆在微球中,且以单分子形式存在. 体外模拟释放结果表明,微球释药性能良好,释药平缓,在酸性介质中累积释药率为27%时,其释药周期长达82 h;随制备微球时SALG浓度增大,药物释药速率减缓;在酸性介质中释药速率大于碱性介质;碱性介质合成的微球其释药速率快于弱酸性和弱碱性介质中合成的微球.     

浓醪体系中共固定糖化酶与酵母木薯酒精的制取

采用海藻酸铝凝胶为载体,将酵母细胞和糖化酶进行共固定化,以木薯淀粉为原料,在浓醪体系下,进行同步糖化发酵制取酒精.对影响同步糖化发酵的主要因素:凝胶填充率、糖化酶量、湿酵母量、发酵温度进行了正交试验研究,获得的优化工艺条件为:凝胶填充率50%、糖化酶300 U/g、湿酵母2.5 g、发酵温度37℃、pH值4.0～4.5、料液比1:2.0、硫酸铵0.50 g/L、硫酸镁0.20 g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.10 g/L,浓醪液酒精含量达到13.4%,淀粉利用率达到90.2%.     

Multi-Material Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

A trend in developing biocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering has been to seek an ideal single material for which a given cell type will exhibit favorable behavior. While an ideal single material has proven elusive, scaffold manufacture using combinations of specialist materials can produce more versatile structures. By controlling the percentage and architecture of material components, mechanical properties, cell attachment, and proliferation may be optimized for a given function. Three specialist materials, poly-ϵ-caprolactone (PCL), fibrin, and alginate, were incorporated into multi-component scaffolds for a series of experiments testing each component with culture of fibroblasts. The rigid and formable PCL provided structure, the fibrin pore-filler allowed for cell attachment, and alginate thread provided a nutrient transfer pathway in lieu of a vascular system. The efficacy of these scaffolds was judged on fibroblast distribution and population after 7-12 days of culture.     

制备漂浮性海藻酸钠控释胶囊的一种新方法

提供一种制备漂浮性海藻酸钠缓释胶囊的新方法．以添加发泡剂的方式,在多价金属离子交联海藻酸钠的过程中通过加热交联浴,使发泡剂受热分解,在固化后的海藻酸钠囊粒中形成密闭的泡孔,从而使其具备水中可漂浮性．以(NH4)2CO3为发泡剂,2,4-D和2,4,5-T为模型药物,研究了发泡剂用量和药剂水溶性对该胶囊水中释放特性的影响．     

明胶/海藻酸钠组织工程支架的快速成形

明胶/海藻酸钠支架作为一种凝胶型组织工程支架可以与细胞混合成形,使细胞在三维空间生长。其快速成形工艺要求成形温度范围、材料的物理化学变化必须在细胞的生理承受范围之内。根据工艺要求,提出了基于钙离子交联的明胶/海藻酸钠支架成形工艺原理。成形温度在0~15℃之间,每打印完一层材料,就喷射C aC l2溶液初步固化,层层打印并将最终成形支架放入C aC l2溶液中完全固化。明胶/海藻酸钠支架成形过程中,会出现流涎、过度堆积、孔的融合等缺陷,需要采用合理手段尽量避免。通过优化工艺参数,最终得到了理想的明胶/海藻酸钠组织工程支架。     

海藻酸钠对甲基纤维素温敏水凝胶特性的影响

为改善“甲基纤维素聚乙二醇柠檬酸钠”三组分反向温敏凝胶体系的特性,向其中添加了海藻酸钠。通过粘度跟踪法考察了新体系在体温下的凝固特性,分析了凝胶配方、pH值对于凝固过程、凝胶强度的影响;研究了海藻酸钠的加入对小分子药物体外释放特性的影响。结果表明,海藻酸钠的加入提高了胶凝速度、凝胶强度及凝胶稳定性;体系在生理pH附近具有较快的胶凝速度和较好的凝胶强度;新体系对于小分子药物,尤其是亲水性强的小分子药物具有更好的控缓释特性。     

pH-Responsive Hydrogel Beads Based on Alginate, κ-Carrageenan and Poloxamer for Enhanced Curcumin,Natural Bioactive Compound,Encapsulation and Controlled Release Efficiency

Polyphenolic compounds are used for treating various diseases due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, utilization of hydrophobic compounds is limited due to their low bioavailability. In order to achieve a greater application of hydrophobic bioactive compounds, hydrogel beads based on biopolymers can be used as carriers for their enhanced incorporation and controlled delivery. In this study, beads based on the biopolymers-κ-carrageenan, sodium alginate and poloxamer 407 were prepared for encapsulation of curcumin. The prepared beads were characterized using IR, SEM, TGA and DSC. The curcumin encapsulation efficiency in the developed beads was 95.74 ± 2.24%. The release kinetics of the curcumin was monitored in systems that simulate the oral delivery (pH 1.2 and 7.4) of curcumin. The drug release profiles of the prepared beads with curcumin indicated that the curcumin release was significantly increased compared with the dissolution of curcumin itself. The cumulative release of curcumin from the beads was achieved within 24 h, with a final release rate of 12.07% (gastric fluid) as well as 81.93% (intestinal fluid). Both the in vitro and in vivo studies showed that new hydrogel beads based on carbohydrates and poloxamer improved curcumin’s bioavailability, and they can be used as powerful carriers for the oral delivery of different hydrophobic nutraceuticals.     

The dynamics of the calcium‐induced chain–chain association in the polyuronate systems

The calcium‐induced formation of strong, hydrophilic gels is the important feature of polyuronates, connected with most of their practical applications. The insight into the molecular details of gelling process dynamics is hardly feasible for both experimental and theoretical methods. Here, the application of the transition path sampling method for studying this problem is reported; the focus was on the poly(α‐L ‐guluronate) systems, treated as the representative for all polyuronate‐containing systems. The results allowed for identifying several distinct local minima of the free energy lying on the transition paths and visited by the system during the process of chain–chain association. These minima usually correspond to the intermediate structures in which the water molecules bridge calcium ion and carboxyl groups. This work emphasizes the importance of water and provides more complete understanding of the calcium binding by the polyuronate chains. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

海藻酸钠水凝胶固载细胞色素c的蛋白膜伏安法研究

用海藻酸钠(SA)水凝胶将细胞色素c(cyt-c)固定在棱面热解石墨电极(EPPGE)表面,形成稳定的SA-cyt-c/EPPGE电极,采用蛋白膜伏安法(PFV)研究了cyt-c与电极之间的直接电化学和离子强度、pH、外加金属离子对其电化学行为的影响及其电催化性能。结果表明:cyt-c中血红素辅基Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对表现出准可逆行为,pH7.0、NaCl浓度为0.1 mol/L时电化学活性最高,外加金属离子则有抑制作用,SA-cyt-c/EPPGE可催化还原O2,有可能发展成为一种溶解氧的生物传感器。     

Application of a novel co-enzyme reactor in chemiluminescence flow-through biosensor for determination of lactose

A novel enzyme reactor with co-immobilization of β-galactosidase and glucose oxidase in calcium alginate fiber (CAF) and amine modified nanosized mesoporous silica (AMNMS) was prepared which incorporate the adsorption and catalysis of AMNMS with the cage effect of the polymer to increase catalytic activity and stability of immobilized enzyme. The enzyme reactor was applied to prepare a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through biosensor for determination of lactose combined with a novel luminol-diperiodatonickelate (DPN) CL system we reported. It shows that the CL flow-through biosensor possesses long lifetime, high stability, high catalytic activity and sensitivity. The relative CL intensity was linear with the lactose concentration in the range of 8 × 10⁻⁸-4 × 10⁻⁶ g mL⁻¹ with the detection limit of 2.7 × 10⁻⁸ g mL⁻¹ (3σ). It has been successfully applied to the determination of lactose in milk.