载细胞海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微胶囊的化学破囊方法研究

以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微胶囊(简称ACA微胶囊)为研究体系,建立了一种生理条件下ACA微胶囊的化学破囊方法,破囊过程充分考虑了对囊内生物物质活性的保持.以微生物细胞PichiapastorisGS115和动物细胞L929为模型,以NaHCO₃和Na₃C₆H5O₇·2H₂O为破囊液基本组分,考察了破囊液对ACA微胶囊的破囊效果及破囊过程对囊内细胞活性的影响.结果表明,破囊操作可在30s内完成,破囊率为100%,微胶囊膜完全溶解,破囊后细胞存活率在85%以上.     

海藻酸盐水凝胶作为递送载体在组织再生中的应用

海藻酸盐是一类存在于褐藻中的线性亲水多糖,由D-甘露糖醛酸(M)和L-古洛糖醛酸(G)以不同比例的重复单元组成.它是用于水凝胶合成的天然生物材料之一,通过简单的离子交联,即可与Ca2+等多价无机阳离子发生"蛋盒反应",形成水凝胶.海藻酸盐骨架上存在大量–OH和–COOH极性基团,通过化学或物理方法对其进行修饰,使其可以在温度、pH、光等刺激的响应下实现细胞或生物活性分子的可控释放.目前组织再生领域的主要应用策略之一是利用生物相容性材料,结合生物活性分子和细胞,以促进受损组织的再生.水凝胶材料在保护嵌入的细胞并模仿天然细胞外基质方面具有潜力.海藻酸盐也因为其易于凝胶化和良好的生物相容性,被广泛用于组织再生领域.本综述中,我们总结了用于组织再生,特别在伤口愈合、骨和心脏修复领域的海藻酸盐水凝胶的不同交联方法,重点分析了对刺激具有响应性的海藻酸盐水凝胶的特征以及其作为递送载体在组织再生中的应用.     

碱性三苯甲烷染料共振瑞利散射法测定藻酸钠

在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,藻酸钠(SA)能与某些碱性三苯甲烷染料如乙基紫(EV)、结晶紫(CV)和甲基紫(MV)结合而使共振瑞利散射(RRS)急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱。当藻酸钠浓度为0.018~4.0 mg/L(EV-SA体系)、0.12~2.0 mg/L(CV-SA体系)、0.17~2.5 mg/L(MV-SA体系)时与散射强度呈直线关系,方法具有较高的灵敏度,对于不同体系,其检出限(3σ)在5.2~48.0μg/L之间。以最灵敏的乙基紫体系为例研究了共存物质的影响,表明方法选择性好。方法用于海带提取液中藻酸钠的测定,结果满意。     

浓醪体系中共固定糖化酶与酵母木薯酒精的制取

采用海藻酸铝凝胶为载体,将酵母细胞和糖化酶进行共固定化,以木薯淀粉为原料,在浓醪体系下,进行同步糖化发酵制取酒精.对影响同步糖化发酵的主要因素:凝胶填充率、糖化酶量、湿酵母量、发酵温度进行了正交试验研究,获得的优化工艺条件为:凝胶填充率50%、糖化酶300 U/g、湿酵母2.5 g、发酵温度37℃、pH值4.0～4.5、料液比1:2.0、硫酸铵0.50 g/L、硫酸镁0.20 g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.10 g/L,浓醪液酒精含量达到13.4%,淀粉利用率达到90.2%.     

Multi-Material Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

A trend in developing biocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering has been to seek an ideal single material for which a given cell type will exhibit favorable behavior. While an ideal single material has proven elusive, scaffold manufacture using combinations of specialist materials can produce more versatile structures. By controlling the percentage and architecture of material components, mechanical properties, cell attachment, and proliferation may be optimized for a given function. Three specialist materials, poly-ϵ-caprolactone (PCL), fibrin, and alginate, were incorporated into multi-component scaffolds for a series of experiments testing each component with culture of fibroblasts. The rigid and formable PCL provided structure, the fibrin pore-filler allowed for cell attachment, and alginate thread provided a nutrient transfer pathway in lieu of a vascular system. The efficacy of these scaffolds was judged on fibroblast distribution and population after 7-12 days of culture.     

制备漂浮性海藻酸钠控释胶囊的一种新方法

提供一种制备漂浮性海藻酸钠缓释胶囊的新方法．以添加发泡剂的方式,在多价金属离子交联海藻酸钠的过程中通过加热交联浴,使发泡剂受热分解,在固化后的海藻酸钠囊粒中形成密闭的泡孔,从而使其具备水中可漂浮性．以(NH4)2CO3为发泡剂,2,4-D和2,4,5-T为模型药物,研究了发泡剂用量和药剂水溶性对该胶囊水中释放特性的影响．     

明胶/海藻酸钠组织工程支架的快速成形

明胶/海藻酸钠支架作为一种凝胶型组织工程支架可以与细胞混合成形,使细胞在三维空间生长。其快速成形工艺要求成形温度范围、材料的物理化学变化必须在细胞的生理承受范围之内。根据工艺要求,提出了基于钙离子交联的明胶/海藻酸钠支架成形工艺原理。成形温度在0~15℃之间,每打印完一层材料,就喷射C aC l2溶液初步固化,层层打印并将最终成形支架放入C aC l2溶液中完全固化。明胶/海藻酸钠支架成形过程中,会出现流涎、过度堆积、孔的融合等缺陷,需要采用合理手段尽量避免。通过优化工艺参数,最终得到了理想的明胶/海藻酸钠组织工程支架。     

海藻酸钠对甲基纤维素温敏水凝胶特性的影响

为改善“甲基纤维素聚乙二醇柠檬酸钠”三组分反向温敏凝胶体系的特性,向其中添加了海藻酸钠。通过粘度跟踪法考察了新体系在体温下的凝固特性,分析了凝胶配方、pH值对于凝固过程、凝胶强度的影响;研究了海藻酸钠的加入对小分子药物体外释放特性的影响。结果表明,海藻酸钠的加入提高了胶凝速度、凝胶强度及凝胶稳定性;体系在生理pH附近具有较快的胶凝速度和较好的凝胶强度;新体系对于小分子药物,尤其是亲水性强的小分子药物具有更好的控缓释特性。     

pH-Responsive Hydrogel Beads Based on Alginate, κ-Carrageenan and Poloxamer for Enhanced Curcumin,Natural Bioactive Compound,Encapsulation and Controlled Release Efficiency

Polyphenolic compounds are used for treating various diseases due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, utilization of hydrophobic compounds is limited due to their low bioavailability. In order to achieve a greater application of hydrophobic bioactive compounds, hydrogel beads based on biopolymers can be used as carriers for their enhanced incorporation and controlled delivery. In this study, beads based on the biopolymers-κ-carrageenan, sodium alginate and poloxamer 407 were prepared for encapsulation of curcumin. The prepared beads were characterized using IR, SEM, TGA and DSC. The curcumin encapsulation efficiency in the developed beads was 95.74 ± 2.24%. The release kinetics of the curcumin was monitored in systems that simulate the oral delivery (pH 1.2 and 7.4) of curcumin. The drug release profiles of the prepared beads with curcumin indicated that the curcumin release was significantly increased compared with the dissolution of curcumin itself. The cumulative release of curcumin from the beads was achieved within 24 h, with a final release rate of 12.07% (gastric fluid) as well as 81.93% (intestinal fluid). Both the in vitro and in vivo studies showed that new hydrogel beads based on carbohydrates and poloxamer improved curcumin’s bioavailability, and they can be used as powerful carriers for the oral delivery of different hydrophobic nutraceuticals.     

Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future

The cell wall of brown algae contains alginate as a major constituent. This anionic polymer is a composite of β-d-mannuronate (M) and α-l-guluronate (G). Alginate can be degraded into oligosaccharides; both the polymer and its products exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities and, hence, find many commercial applications. Alginate is attacked by various enzymes, collectively termed alginate lyases, that degrade glycosidic bonds through β-elimination. Considering the abundance of brown algae in marine ecosystems, alginate is an important source of nutrients for marine organisms, and therefore, alginate lyases play a significant role in marine carbon recycling. Various marine microorganisms, particularly those that thrive in association with brown algae, have been reported as producers of alginate lyases. Conceivably, the marine-derived alginate lyases demonstrate salt tolerance, and many are activated in the presence of salts and, therefore, find applications in the food industry. Therefore, this review summarizes the structural and biochemical features of marine bacterial alginate lyases along with their applications. This comprehensive information can aid in the expansion of future prospects of alginate lyases.