Simulation of novel soy protein‐based systems for tissue regeneration applications

In the present research, molecular modeling methods were used to study novel porous soy protein conjugates with gelatin or alginate, which were recently developed as potential scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Gelatin (protein) and alginate (polysaccharides) were chemically crosslinked to soy protein isolates (SPI) in order to obtain a porous 3D network. Computational tools were applied to estimate the crosslinking degree and compare the degradation rate of soy–gelatin or soy–alginate conjugates. Soy protein 3D structure was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Alginate and gelatin structures were built and subjected to dynamic simulation using the molecular modeling package Material Studio 7.0. The crosslinking degree was estimated by the miscibility of the two reactants and the interaction with the crosslinking agents 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) or glyoxal. The calculations revealed that soy protein mixes well with gelatin but not with alginate. Radial distribution function (RDF) calculations showed that the interaction distance between alginate and EDC is significantly shorter than between gelatin and EDC, probably because of ionic attraction between the ammonium groups of EDC and the carboxylate groups in alginate, which facilitates the crosslinking reaction. The degradation rate of soy protein conjugates was related to their interaction with water. It was found that the solubility of soy–gelatin in water is higher than soy–alginate and that water molecules form more hydrogen bonds with soy–gelatin than with soy–alginate. These findings might be the reason for the observed difference in degradation rate of the two conjugates; the soy–gelatin degrades faster than soy–alginate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Green preparation of hollow mesoporous silica nanosphere inside-loaded gold nanoparticles and the catalytic activity

In this work, an active nano-catalyst with gold nanoparticles loaded in hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres (HMSNs/Au) was prepared by a one-pot sol-gel method, in which gold ions were loaded in hollow mesoporous silica spheres followed by sodium alginate reduction. The characterization of the HMSNs/Au were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET). The high catalytic activity of HMSNs/Au, denoted as apparent turn-over frequency (TOF), was detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (74.5 h^?1) and 2-nitrophenol (108.7 h^?1) in the presence of sodium borohydride solution due to the small gold nanoparticles size and overall exposure of active sites. It is expected that this ecofriendly approach to prepare inorganic composited nanoparticles as high active catalysts based on hollow mesoporous materials was a promising platform for loading noble metal nanoparticles.     

蔗糖异构酶PalI包埋和交联固定化方法比较

采用海藻酸钠包埋法和戊二醛交联法两种固定化方法,对来源于Klebsiella sp. LX3的蔗糖异构酶PalI的稳定性和可重复利用性进行研究。结果发现,海藻酸钠包埋法在海藻酸钠、CaCl2 质量分数为1.5%、2%时,所得固定化酶的酶活最高,其最适反应温度为40℃,最适pH值为6;戊二醛交联法在(NH₄)₂SO₄质量分数为90%,戊二醛体积分数为2.5%时得到的固定酶酶活最高,交联酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为5。通过对酶的稳定性比较,两种方法酶稳定性都优于游离酶。4℃保存20d后游离酶的酶活降低到30%,而戊二醛交联酶活性在95%以上,海藻酸钠固定化酶残余酶活仍在60%左右。戊二醛交联法固定酶活性优于海藻酸钠固定化酶,重复利用12次戊二醛交联酶,其残余酶活仍为80%。     

2,4-D/CMC-g-AM/SA/FK微球的制备及其缓释性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,制备了羧甲基纤维素钠接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物(CMC-g-AM)。以2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)为模型药物,以羽毛蛋白(FK)为共混改性剂,采用挤压法制备了CMC-g-AM/海藻酸钠(SA)/羽毛蛋白载药微球。利用红外光谱、光学显微镜、激光粒度仪分别对接枝共聚物的结构、载药微球的形貌以及粒径分布进行了表征,并探讨了不同的接枝共聚物、羽毛蛋白用量、交联剂浓度和交联时间对缓释微球的载药量和缓释性能影响。结果表明,当CMC-g-AM的合成单体比AM:CMC为3:1,羽毛蛋白用量为30%,交联剂浓度为0.7 mol·L-1,交联时间为1 h,载药微球的载药量较高,为16.7%。复合微球平均粒径为1.6 mm。载药微球具有良好的缓释性能,释药曲线符合Higuchi动力学方程。     

Evaluation and correlation of electrochemical and mechanical properties of PVA/SA nanofibres

The present study evaluates and correlates the morphology of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) nanofibres with their internal structure to determine dielectric and tensile properties for future applications as long-lasting and resistant cell scaffolds. This work generates electrospun nanofibres mixing SA concentration in a PVA solution cross-linked in calcium chloride media. The dielectric properties of the nanofibres that were obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) show that at higher amount of SA in the PVA/SA fibres, the cross-linking process occurs at shorter times, indicating the modification of the internal structure of the PVA/SA. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) demonstrate that the chemical composition of the nanofibres varies depending on the depth profile. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proves that the PVA/SA is formed as a core-shell coaxial nanofibre. The tensile testing demonstrates that with a higher SA concentration, the mechanical properties show brittleness.     

海藻酸钠包埋肝素钠及其缓释效果

选取最佳的海藻酸钠包埋浓度,并对肝素钠在海藻酸钠颗粒中的释放效果进行研究.采用的是可见分光光度法测定肝素钠的含量,以此测得肝素钠的包封率及其缓释效果.海藻酸钠包埋的最佳浓度是5mg/L,肝素钠的包封率是86％,海藻酸钠包埋的颗粒对抗凝血时间延长了一半.     

抗茵性海藻酸钠膜的制备及性能分析

为了抑制食品表面微生物的生长,以海藻酸钠为基材、吐温．80为乳化剂、甘油为增塑剂、CaCl2为交联剂、丁香油及肉桂油作为杀菌剂,制备具有杀菌性能的海藻酸钠膜．其中丁香油和肉桂油采用分级抑菌浓度指数（FIC）测定方法确定其最佳剂量配比为8：1．通过扫描电子显微镜对海藻酸钠膜的结构进行表征,以及对膜的力学性能、厚度、吸水率和杀茵性能的研究,得到了抗茵性海藻酸钠膜的最佳制备配方为海藻酸钠3．O％、CaCl25．O％、吐温一80为2．0％、甘油为1．0％、丁香油和肉桂油为2．0％（均为质量分数）．     

Vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations of poly‐D‐mannuronate and heteropolymeric fractions from sodium alginate

The tetrasaccharide of 1 → 4β‐D‐mannopyranuronate (MM) and the alternating tetrasaccharide of 1 → 4 b‐D‐mannopyranuronate and 1 → 4α‐L‐gulopyranuronate (MG) were analyzed based on density functional theory (DFT) by employing the Gaussian 03 W package. The molecular geometries were fully optimized by using the Becke's three‐parameter hybrid exchange functional combined with Lee–Yang–Parr correlation functional (B3LYP) and using a 6‐31G(d,p) basis set. The calculated IR spectrum of MM presents a band at 1093 cm⁻¹ for C C stretching vibration, which is in good agreement with the experimental observation (1096 cm⁻¹) for the polymannuronate fraction obtained by partial hydrolysis of sodium alginate extracted from the hybrid brown seaweed Lessonia–Macrocystis. The calculated value at 826 cm⁻¹for MM is in close agreement with the experimental value and confirms that this band is characteristic of polymannuronate blocks. Most of the bands in the IR spectrum are also present in the observed Raman spectrum of the polymannuronate fraction. The experimental IR spectrum of heteropolymeric fraction obtained by partial hydrolysis of sodium alginate shows absorbances similar to those calculated for the model tetrasaccharide (MG). Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) allows differentiation between the homopolymeric and heteropolymeric fractions of sodium alginate. The SERS spectrum of the heteropolymeric fraction shows an enhanced signal at 731 cm⁻¹which is present in the calculated Raman spectrum of the tetrasaccharide MG at 729 cm⁻¹. This band is assigned to the ring‐breathing deformation of the β‐D‐mannopyranuronate and α‐L‐gulopyranuronate residues. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效褐藻胶降解菌的筛选与产酶条件优化

以海藻酸钠为唯一碳源,从天然腐烂海带中筛选得到一株高效褐藻胶降解菌株53#,经形态学观察和16S r RNA鉴定,确定为类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus agaridevorans。采用正交试验方法,以p H、温度、Na Cl浓度和海藻酸钠初始浓度为影响因素,对该菌株的产酶条件进行优化,得到53#菌的最佳产酶条件:p H=8,25℃,Na Cl浓度15 g/L,海藻酸钠初始浓度15 g/L。在最佳产酶条件下,褐藻胶裂解酶最大酶活可达390.53±17.32U/m L。筛选得到的类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus agaridevorans 53#具有易于培养、产酶速度快和酶活力高等优点,能够实现褐藻胶的高效糖化,在褐藻生产生物乙醇领域具有潜在利用价值。