Immobilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans with complex of PVA and sodium alginate

A new Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cell immobilization technique utilizing the complex of PVA solution and sodium alginate solution crosslinked by Ca(NO₃)₂ as entrapment medium is reported. The mixture of A. ferrooxidans suspension and the entrapment complex were extruded into a solution of Ca(NO₃)₂ (1-5%) to form beads, then the beads were frozen at −20 °C for 1-2 days and thawed at room temperature. The forming mechanism, characteristic of this immobilized beads and the factors affecting activity of immobilized cells were also discussed. A maximum oxidation rate of 4.6 g Fe²⁺/(L h) was achieved in batch cultures by these immobilized cells. Precipitation formed during culture process was analyzed. The forming mechanism of this precipitation and how this precipitation affects the whole system were also discussed. In addition, the immobilization technique is operated simply, and the gel beads have high stability even under non-sterile conditions. So its application on an industrial scale would be more practicable.     

褐藻寡糖对小鼠热应激及甲状腺的影响

为探讨褐藻寡糖对小鼠抗热应激能力和热应激小鼠甲状腺的影响,将小鼠随机分成四组,分别用生理盐水和不同剂量的褐藻寡糖(300mg·kg-1·d-1、600mg·kg-1·d-1、1200mg·kg-1·d-1)连续灌胃四周.之后各组分别在45±1℃条件下进行热应激实验,考察应激前后体重的变化、存活时间;待小鼠死亡后,分别取出甲状腺称重,计算其指数.常规石蜡切片,HE染色,观察甲状腺形态学改变.结果显示热应激小鼠体重下降,但差异不显著(P0.05).中等剂量褐藻寡糖组(600mg·kg-1·d-1)抗热应激能力较对照组高,差异显著(P0.05),甲状腺指数随褐藻寡糖浓度的升高而增加,且与抗热应激的存活时间存在显著相关.甲状腺的形态学也随之发生改变.结果表明,褐藻寡糖能够提高小鼠的抗热应激能力,中等剂量为最佳;甲状腺参与了热应激反应.     

Surfactant-mediated formation of alginate layers at the water-air interface

The self-organization process of polysaccharide alginate with different cationic surfactants at the water-air interface was investigated over a wide concentration regime. The changes of surface properties determined by surface tension measurements, surface rheology, and X-ray reflectivity are correlated with changes of bulk properties measured by turbidity, light scattering, and zeta potential measurements. We demonstrate that the interactions between the alginate and cationic surfactants result in significant changes of bulk and interfacial properties. The results of surface shear experiments point to the existence of highly viscoelastic interfacial films. In combination with X-ray reflectivity, we demonstrate that these rheological features are related to polymer-surfactant associations at the interface. In the regime of high surfactant concentrations, we observed the existence of multilayer structures.     

Breakthrough in the preparation of irradiated sodium alginate/polyethylene oxide blend films using methacrylate monomer

The present work is an attempt to prepare biodegradable films of sodium alginate (SA)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) blend tailored by methacrylate (MA) and γ irradiation following casting method. The effects of SA/PEO composition, glycerol as a plasticizer, methacrylate as a monomer, and radiation dose were investigated and it was found that the mechanical properties of the films strongly depend on the film-forming parameters. The incorporation of glycerol in the blend is crucial as it creates a suitable environment for monomer addition and points out that tensile strength of the films decreased, while the elongation at break increased. Moreover, it was found that the tensile properties were improved by the application of γ radiation as well as monomer treatment. The mechanical properties of the blend films integrated with MA monomer were higher than that without monomer at the analogous conditions. The structural and morphological features of the films were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.     

降解萘的黄杆菌ND3菌株的固定化研究

用海藻酸盐做载体，用包埋法将降解萘的黄杆菌ＮＤ３菌株固定化，对固定化菌的制备条件及固定化菌降解萘的条件作了筛选，在适宜条件下，固定化黄杆菌连续培养４８ｈ后，对萘的降解率可达９８％以上。     

Whole Cells in Enantioselective Reduction of tert-Butyl Acetoacetate

The β-ketoester tert-butyl acetoacetate was enantioselectively reduced to tert-butyl (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate by seven microorganism strains. The best result using free cells was obtained with the yeast R. rubra, which furnished 97.6% ee and higher than 99% of conversion within 24 h. After immobilization in calcium alginate spheres, R. rubra furnished 96% ee and higher than 99% ee within 24 h, even if substrate concentration was 58 mM. Immobilized cells were reused three times without loss of enantioselectivity.     

The controlled release behavior and pH‐ and thermo‐sensitivity of alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) blended hydrogels

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was blended with sodium alginate (Alg) in various ratios and crosslinked with calcium chloride and made into hydrogel membranes. The dependence of the swelling behavior of these Alg‐Ca/PVA hydrogels on pH was investigated. The temperature‐dependent swelling behavior of the semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN) hydrogels was examined at temperatures from 2 to 45°C and the enthalpy of mixing (ΔH_mix) was determined at various temperatures. The molecular structure of the hydrogels was studied by infrared spectroscopy and their water structure in the semi‐IPN hydrogels was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of Ca²⁺ content on the network structure of Alg‐Ca/PVA hydrogels was investigated in terms of the compressive elastic modulus, effective crosslinking density, and the polymer–solvent interaction parameter based on the Flory theory. The loading of alizarin red S (ARS) followed the Langmuir isotherm mechanism and the release kinetics of ARS from the Alg‐Ca/PVA hydrogels followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渗透汽化分离膜及膜反应器 Ⅰ．聚离子复合腹性能的研究

通过两层复合制得壳聚糖－聚丙烯酸钠和壳聚糖－褐藻酸钠聚离子复合膜，研究了其对乙醇－水混合体系的分离性能，并比较了壳聚糖膜、聚丙烯酸钠、褐藻酸钠及聚离子复合膜对乙醇－水二元体系和乙酸－丁醇－乙酸丁酯－水多元体系的渗透汽化分离性能．结果表明，聚离子复合膜适于作膜反应器的膜材料．     

Synergistic interaction and gelation in cationic guar gum-sodium alginate system

The synergistic interaction between the cationic guar gum (the ammonium hydroxy-propyl-trimethyl chloride of guar gum) and sodium algirmte has been studied. The effects of the mass ratio of them, mixed temperature, balk salt ion concentration, incubation time and pH value on gelation were investigated. It has been observed that there was a gel strength maximum when the mass ratio was 0. 6, the mixed temperature was 70 ~C, the balk salt ion concentration was 1.0 mol ~ L-1 , the incubation time was 30 rain and the pH value was 8. Interaction between molecules of these two polysaccharides was investigated by FT-IR spectrometry.