考虑鲁棒性的超临界翼型激波控制鼓包减阻研究

本文主要采用CFD方法研究超临界翼型的激波控制鼓包减阻技术,分析了鼓包形状参数对减阻效果和鲁棒性的影响规律.计算结果显示,鼓包的减阻效果受位置影响较大,当鼓包最高点与干净翼型的激波位置相同时减阻效果较好,鼓包高度过高对减阻效果不利,而较长的鼓包可在更大的高度范围内实现减阻.鼓包还可以通过弱化激波,抑制附面层分离,延缓超临界翼型抖振现象的发生.计算结果显示,鼓包减阻技术整体而言工作范围较窄.但经过设计,较长且较低的鼓包可以在较大的升力范围内具有减阻效果,并且减阻效果对形状变化及雷诺数变化不敏感,还能有效提高阻力发散马赫数,鲁棒性要明显优于较短较高的鼓包,具有工程应用的潜力.     

不同攻角和翼型的简化角冰特征参数的气动数值模拟

选取常规翼型NACA23012、自然层流翼型NACA64-215和超临界翼型RAE2822,以冰角高度、冰角宽度,冰角端部形状以及冰角之间的连接情况4个参数来研究角冰对不同翼型在不同攻角下的升阻力系数的影响。结果表明,角冰的下冰角是影响翼型升阻力系数的主要原因之一,且不同翼型对参数的敏感性不同。同时,增加预测模型的升力性能可以通过选择半圆形的冰角端部形状、增加冰角之间的连接和减小冰角高度来实现。     

国产优化300／600MW汽轮机通流部分气动设计 第二部分：叶栅优化与完善化设计

本文介绍叶栅优化与完善化设计方法。针对３００／６００ＭＷ汽轮机高、中、低缸叶栅不同的气动和几何特点，运用Ｓ１流面正、反问题和杂交问题程序，对叶栅进行优化或完善化设计。试验研究和工程实践表明这套设计方法是成功的。     

“FLUID ROLLER BEARING” EFFECT AND FLOW CONTROL

Owing to the rapid development of smart materials, flow control by travelling waves (TW) produced on flexible skin is becoming a very promising new area of research. One of the most revolutionary concepts of using TW technique is to trap a row of controllable vortices over the body surface, which plays a role of “fluid roller bearing” (FRB) between the external flow and the solid wall. The FRB can replace the conventional boundary layer and hence remove the latter‘‘s various unfavorable effects. This paper reports our preliminary numerical study of the FRB effect on flow over several typical walls, especially an airfoil with FRB at the stall angle of attack, which has never been considered before. Significant improvement of aerodynamic performance on the FRB-airfoil is observed, which strongly suggests that the FRB effect may open a brand new avenue to the 21th-Century aerodynamics.     

A method to carry out shape optimization with a large number of design variables

A new method for shape optimization with relatively large number of design variables is proposed. It is well known that gradient‐based methods converge to a local optimum. As a result, utilization of a richer design space does not necessarily lead to a better design. This is demonstrated via the design of an airfoil for maximum lift for Re = 1000 and α = 4° flow. The airfoil is represented by fourth‐order non‐uniform rational B‐splines, and the control points are used as design variables. Starting with a NACA0012 airfoil, it is found that the optimal airfoil obtained with 13 control points has far superior aerodynamic performance than the ones obtained with 39 and 61 control points. For effective utilization of a richer design space, it is proposed that the number of design variables be increased gradually. The method is demonstrated by designing high lift airfoils for Re = 1000 and 1 × 10⁴. The objective function is the maximization of the time‐averaged lift coefficient for α = 4°. The optimization cycle with 27 control points is initiated with the optimal airfoil obtained with 13 control points. The process is continued with gradual increase in the number of design variables. Beyond a certain number of control points, the optimization leads to a spontaneous appearance of corrugations on the upper surface of the airfoil. The corrugations are responsible for the generation of small vortices that add to the suction on the upper surface of the airfoil and lead to enhanced lift. A stabilized finite element method is used to solve the unsteady flow and adjoint equations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动态失速涡的绝对／对流不稳定性分析

计算了等速上仰ＮＡＣＡ００１２翼型动态失速过程的流场结构，在准定常假设下对失速主涡形成的分离泡进行了绝对／对流不稳定性分析．随攻角增大，失速主涡流场经历了对流不稳定到绝对不稳定的变化．当绝对不稳定区增大到覆盖整个分离泡时，流场从整体稳定转变到整体不稳定，出现涡量二次尖峰状喷发，切断了主剪切层，主涡随之脱体，导致动态失速     

基于伴随方法的动态非定常气动外形优化设计

为实现动态非定常条件下的气动外形优化设计,基于非定常形式的欧拉方程及伴随方程,建立了一套完整的针对非定常动态问题的气动外形优化设计方法,并采用所建立的方法,对俯仰振荡的NACA0012翼型在跨声速(Ma=0.8)及限制条件下进行了翼型时均减阻外形优化. 对优化设计的结果进行了分析. 研究结果表明:该动态非定常气动外形优化设计方法具有较高的可靠性和实用性.      

基于改进莱维飞行的狼群算法及其在翼型气动优化设计中的应用

智能种群算法在翼型气动优化领域获得越来越多的关注。提出了一种基于改进莱维飞行的狼群算法,并对其寻优性能进行了测试和验证。为平衡算法的局部搜索和全局搜索能力,将局部搜索性能强但易早熟的狼群算法与莱维飞行相结合,在增加收敛速度的同时,保证算法的全局搜索能力。为克服原始莱维飞行效率低、精度差的缺陷,引入高斯核函数自适应调节莱维飞行的搜索步长,以增加其搜索效率;引入四元法,以增加其搜索精度;通过标准测试函数和标准翼型气动优化设计算例验证,表明改进算法在优化效率和全局寻优能力方面均优于原始算法。     

Transonic flow of moist air around an NACA 0012 airfoil with non-equilibrium condensation

The classical condensation model of water vapor is coupled with the Euler equations to calculate transonic flows of moist air with non-equilibrium condensation. By means of this model, numerical computations are implemented to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of an NACA 0012 airfoil in transonic flows of moist air at various angles of attack and relative humidities, and the results are compared with those in dry air flows. For different angles of attack considered at 50% relative humidity, the lift decreases 30%?40%. The pressure drag increases when the angle of attack is smaller than 1.4° and decreases when higher than 1.4°. At zero angle of attack, with the relative humidity rising from zero to 90%, the pressure drag increases exponentially. At 90% relative humidity, the pressure drag increases 160%, and self-oscillation takes place periodically and alternately over the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil. The oscillation is caused by the interactions of local supersonic flow and heat release in the condensation process.     

振荡射流控制翼型流动分离的数值模拟

为了研究大攻角下振荡射流控制翼型流动分离的机理,应用基于有限体积法和压力修正的SIMPLEC算法,数值模拟了表面施加振荡射流的翼型分离流动。结果表明振荡射流在给定条件下能够显著改善翼型的气动性能,提高翼型的升力系数,升力增幅高达18%。对振荡射流增升的流动机理分析表明,增升的机理是因为振荡射流产生的小扰动完全改变了翼型在大攻角粘性流动时产生的涡列结构,并且在翼型头部产生了非定常的分离涡。