Design of a subsonic airfoil with upstream blowing

The problem is solved of designing a symmetric airfoil with upstream blowing opposite to subsonic irrotational steady flow of an inviscid incompressible fluid. The solution relies on Sedov’s idea of a stagnation region developing in the neighborhood of the stagnation point. An iterative solution process is developed, and examples of airfoils are constructed. The numerical results are analyzed, and conclusions are drawn about the effect of blowing parameters on the airfoil geometry and the resultant force acting on the airfoil.     

Lift maximization in the flow around a contour over a screen

The problem of lift maximization for a smooth contour of given length placed in a flow near a screen is analyzed. The distance between the contour and the screen is assumed to be given. Optimal contours are constructed, and the lift coefficient is derived as a function of the contour-screen separation. The results can be useful as accurate upper bounds for the lift coefficient of actual ekranoplan airfoils.     

Navier-Stokes analysis of a circulation control airfoil

The two-dimensional, compressible, mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are used to investigate flows about a typical circulation control airfoil. The governing equations are solved using the implicit approximate-factorization algorithm of Beam-Warming with a modified algebraic eddy viscosity model. Results are compared with experimental data, and excellent agreement is obtained. The effects of different jet momentum coefficients and angles of attack on the flow are studied. The mechanism of genenating large lift by circulation control is discussed.     

二维叶片襟翼增升的试验研究

本文在雷诺数为0.24×106，0°－40°攻角范围内测定了带有90°，45°，135°三种不同偏转角的位于压力面后缘的襟翼的NACA632—215叶片的表面压力分布．根据压力分布求得的升力系数和阻力系数（压差）表明，襟翼能在不同程度上起到增升的效果，且当襟翼高度相同时，偏转角为90°时增升效果最佳；当偏转角为90°时，襟翼高度越大，升力系数增加越多．     

Low-diffusion preconditioning scheme for numerical simulation of low-speed flows past airfoil

The preconditioning technique can address the stiffness of a low Mach number flow, while its stability is poor. Based on the conventional preconditioning method of Roe's scheme, a low-diffusion scheme is proposed. An adjustable parameter is introduced to control numerical dissipation, especially over the dissipation in the boundary layer and extremely in a low speed region. Numerical simulations of the low Mach number and low Reynolds number flows past a cylinder and the low Mach number and high Reynolds number flows past NACA0012 and S809 airfoils are performed to validate the new scheme. Results of the three tests well agree with experimental data, showing the applicability of the proposed scheme to low Mach number flow simulations.     

Unsteady airfoil with a harmonically deflected trailing-edge flap

The effects of a harmonically deflected trailing-edge flap, actuated at different start times and amplitudes but with frequency different from the airfoil motion, on the aerodynamic loads of an oscillating NACA 0015 airfoil were investigated experimentally at Re=2.51×10⁵. Both in-phase and 180° out-of-phase flap deflections, relative to the airfoil motion, were tested. The results show that there was a large change in the hysteretic behavior of the dynamic load loops, and that the formation and detachment of the leading-edge vortex (LEV) were not affected by the flap motion, while the low pressure signature of the vortex was affected by the flap actuation start time. The later the flap actuation the larger the change in the strength of the LEV. The present flap control scheme was also found to be as effective as that achieved by a pulsed ramp flap motion, but with a reduced number of control parameters.     

层流翼型三维边界层横流驻波精确测量方法研究

后掠机翼的层流控制对于气动减阻有着重要的意义,同时也是非常复杂的研究课题.而对横流驻波的研究是实现层流翼型的一个关健.为此,本文分析并研究了在低湍流度风洞中,采用热线风速仪(CTA)与表面升华法相结合研究由横流不稳定性产生的驻波及其对转捩影响的实验技术,阐述了该实验中架设热线测量系统与升华法表面喷涂的相关技术与细节.实...     

风力机翼型挥舞摆振非定常气动特性分析

参考实际运行状态下的风力机翼型,应用动网格并采用kω-SST湍流模型对NREL S809翼型在Re=1×106情况下的翼型振荡进行了数值模拟,同时分析了挥舞、摆振及二者耦合振动对风力机翼型气动性能的影响.结果表明:相同振幅和频率下,翼型挥舞比摆振引起的气动力波动大得多;翼型未达到失速时,翼型吸力面的流动分离可以使翼型获得额外的升力;挥舞的振幅或频率较大时,翼型会发生失速,且来流攻角越大,挥舞使得翼型更易发生失速;在挥舞-摆振耦合引起的翼型气动力变化中,挥舞起主导作用.     

低Reynolds数NACA0012翼型绕流的流动特性分析

在水槽中应用PIV测速技术研究了NACA0012翼型在Reynolds数为8200时的流动特性,重点关注了翼型绕流结构中主频和扰动增长速率随迎角的变化。结果表明,分离剪切层的扰动增长符合指数规律;且随着迎角的增大,转捩过程加速,表现为扰动增长率逐渐增大,转捩的起始位置逐渐向上游移动。在所有实验迎角情况下,流场均由脱落旋涡主导,但其主导作用随着迎角的增大而削弱。     

Assessment of 2D/3D numerical modeling for deep dynamic stall experiments

The results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in two and three spatial dimensions are compared to pressure measurements and particle image velocimetry (PIV) flow surveys to assess the suitability of numerical models for the simulation of deep dynamic stall experiments carried out on a pitching NACA 23012 airfoil. A sinusoidal pitching motion with a 10° amplitude and a reduced frequency of 0.1 is imposed around two different mean angles of attack of 10° and 15°. The comparison of the airloads curves and of the pressure distribution over the airfoil surface shows that a three-dimensional numerical model can better reproduce the flow structures and the airfoil performance for the deep dynamic stall regime. Also, the vortical structures observed by PIV in the flow field are better captured by the three-dimensional model. This feature highlighted the relevance of three-dimensional effects on the flow field in deep dynamic stall.