20世纪末日美贸易摩擦及启示

国际金融危机爆发以来,中国外贸摩擦频繁发生。通过对20世纪末日美贸易摩擦起因的分析,可以看出日美双方解决贸易摩擦的攻防策略,这对于我们制定我国的贸易策略具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Metallomicellar Catalysis: Hydrolysis of Phosphodiester with Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes in Micellar Solution

Abstract

The effects of two metal complexes of 2,2′‐dipyridylamine (bpya) ligand, [(bpya)Cu]Cl₂ and [(bpya)Zn]Cl₂, in promoting the hydrolysis of bis(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) have been kinetically investigated in Brij35 micellar solution and at 298 K, pH ranging from 6.41 to 8.6. In neutral micellar solution at 298 K, pH 7.02, the rate constants for the catalytic hydrolysis of BNPP by [(bpya)Cu]Cl₂ and [(bpya)Zn]Cl₂ are 1.2 × 10⁶ times and 1.5 × 10⁵ times higher than those for the spontaneous hydrolysis, respectively. Kinetic studies show that the active species in the catalytic hydrolysis of BNPP is the aquo‐hydroxy form, and the relative kinetic and thermodynamic parameters indicate that the mechanism of the reaction involves intramolecular nucleophilic attack on the metal center‐bound diester.     

一种抗弱曲线故障攻击的SM2数字签名算法设计

SM2数字签名算法是中国版的椭圆曲线数字签名算法,尽管该算法的设计在数学理论是安全的,但在算法的具体实现时却容易遭受物理攻击。因此,加强SM2数字签名算法在实现过程中的抗攻击性具有重要意义。本文基于故障感染思想提出了一个针对SM2数字签名算法的抗故障攻击策略,通过改变算法中的标量运算操作,使得算法遭受攻击后故障将在签名过程中扩散,从而破坏攻击者利用错误签名快速检索签名私钥的条件。实验结果表明,此防御策略不仅可以抵御弱曲线故障攻击,还可以防御弱曲线故障和二次故障注入的结合攻击。此外,本文还将椭圆曲线算法中常用点检测抗故障攻击策略和本文提出的故障感染防御策略都在现场可编程逻辑列阵上实现,对两种策略的硬件面积开销、单次签名时间开销进行比较,结果显示,本文提出的策略在硬件性能上比基于点检测的策略更优越。     

安徽省大学生竞技健美操比赛难度动作分析

对2005年安徽省大学生竞技健美操比赛六人操项目的前8名共8套动作中难度动作数量、组别、分值和C组难度动作空中姿态类型,进行统计分析.结果表明:目前安徽省大学生运动员的成套动作中所选择的4个组别难度动作的比例基本合理,且符合运动员各自的身体素质能力和训练水平,完成质量比往年有很大的提高.但在C组跳与跃类难度动作的选择上缺乏多样性,存在着较多的空中姿态重复现象,与竞技健美操最新发展趋势有差距.     

Revisiting the Synthesis of Functionally Substituted 1,4-Dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazines

A series of novel 1,4-dihydrobenzo[1,2,4][e]triazines bearing an acetyl or ester moiety as a functional group at the C(3) atom of the 1,2,4-triazine ring were synthesized. The synthetic protocol is based on an oxidative cyclization of functionally substituted amidrazones in the presence of DBU and Pd/C. It was found that the developed approach is suitable for the preparation of 1,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazines, but the corresponding Blatter radicals were isolated only in few cases. In addition, a previously unknown dihydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c][1,2,4]triazine tricyclic open-shell derivative was prepared. Studies of thermal behavior of the synthesized 1,4-dihydrobenzo[1,2,4][e]triazines revealed their high thermal stability (up to 240–250 °C), which enables their application potential as components of functional organic materials.     

南方红豆杉气生不定根的解剖结构及发育

对自然状态下南方红豆杉茎干向下萌生的气生不定根进行解剖学观察.结果表明:气生不定根具有以下结构特征和发育特点:(1)根为二原型,侧根正对着木质部发生;(2)幼根内皮层细胞具凯氏带加厚,维管柱内紧挨中柱鞘内侧具有2~4层大型薄壁细胞;(2)根中无髓和树脂道;(4)次生结构发生于根毛区,维管形成层由初生木质部和初生韧皮部之间的薄壁细胞转化形成;(5)中柱鞘和栓内层细胞富含单宁类物质;(6)次生韧皮部有石细胞,次生木质部射线发达.     

Multiple re-configurable intelligent surfaces based physical layer eavesdropper detection for V2I communications

Inspired by the promising potential of re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided transmission in achieving the vision of 6th Generation (6G) network, we analyze the security model for a vehicular-to-infrastructure (V2I) network by considering multiple RISs (M-RIS) on buildings to act as passive relays at fixed distances from a source. In addition, multiple eavesdroppers are presented in the vicinity of the intended destination. Our aim is to enhance the secrecy capacity (SC) and to minimize secrecy outage probability (SOP) in presence of multiple eavesdroppers with the help of M-RIS in V2I communications. We propose a key-less physical layer security using beam-forming by exploiting M-RIS. The proposed approach assumes the concept of detecting eavesdroppers before the information can be transmitted via beam-forming by utilizing M-RIS. The results reveal that with consideration of M-RIS and beam-forming, the achievable SC and SOP performance is significantly improved while imposing minimum power consumption and fewer RIS reflectors.     

推力矢量控制在掠飞击顶弹道中的方案分析与优化

基于反坦克导弹总体设计方案,在导弹头部加入推力矢量控制装置,以实现导弹在弹道末端折转击顶.建立了推力矢量控制阵列模型,分析了推力矢量控制与飞行参数之间的关系,并基于离散二次规划法对推力矢量控制方案进行了优化. 结果表明,优化后的TVC方案避免了弹体抬头的现象发生,提高了导弹击顶时的落角,可降低对战斗部的指标要求.     

Effects of High Salt Concentration and Residue on Copper and Aluminum Corrosion

Traditional researches on metal corrosion under salt solutions deposit conditions are usually carried out by visual, electron microscopic observations and simple electrochemical measurement via a traditional one-piece electrode. These techniques have difficulties in measuring localized corrosion that frequently occur in inhomogeneous media. This paper reports the results from the experiments using specially shaped coupons and a relatively new method of measuring heterogeneous electrochemical processes, namely, the wire beam electrode(WBE). Preliminary results from copper and aluminum corrosion in highly concentrated sodium chloride solutions with and without solid deposits show that the method is useful in simulating and studying corrosion especially localized corrosion in pipelines.     

Stereocomplementary Routes to Hydroxylated Nitrogen Heterocycles: Total Syntheses of Casuarine,Australine, and 7‐epi‐Australine

Addition of lithiated 1‐benzyloxyallene to a D ‐arabinose‐derived cyclic nitrone occurred with perfect diastereoselectivity furnishing a bicyclic 1,2‐oxazine derivative, which is an excellent precursor for pyrrolizidine alkaloids hydroxylated at C‐7 with optional configuration at this stereogenic center. Depending on the stage of the N? O bond cleavage and ring re‐closure, 7‐hydroxypyrrolizidines with 7R or 7S configuration were obtained, as a result of completely selective addition reactions occurring complementarily at the bottom or top face of the endocyclic C? C double bond in six‐ and five‐membered B rings, respectively. Applicability of these stereodivergent routes to obtain polyhydroxy pyrrolizidine alkaloids is demonstrated by the efficient syntheses of casuarine and australine as examples of the two classes of diversely configured 7‐hydroxypyrrolizidine alkaloids. An alternative synthesis of australine and two strategies for the preparation of 7‐epi‐australine are also reported, which demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of hydride reduction of an exocyclic C? O double bond is independent of the ring size, occurring preferentially from the top face either in a six‐ or five‐membered ring.