缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注水驱油提高采收率研究

Y油田为缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏,油藏复杂的地质特征决定了其开发模式有别于常规砂岩油藏.为了有效提高Y油田采收率,利用Eclipse数值模拟软件建立了地质模型,对水平井长度、射孔间距及酸压缝长等油藏产能影响因素与转注时机、注采比以及关井时间等注采参数进行了优化.结果认为:对于Y缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏,水平井水平段长度为500m、射孔间距为20m或酸压规模为100m时,累计产油量可达到最大值;压力降至废弃压力时进行转注,可获得最大采收率;周期注采比等于1时,周期时效与累计增油量达到最大值;关井时间为8天时,采收率提高幅度最大.     

An adaptive multilevel wavelet framework for scale‐selective WENO reconstruction schemes

We put forth a dynamic computing framework for scale‐selective adaptation of weighted essential nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes for the simulation of hyperbolic conservation laws exhibiting strong discontinuities. A multilevel wavelet‐based multiresolution procedure, embedded in a conservative finite volume formulation, is used for a twofold purpose. (i) a dynamic grid adaptation of the solution field for redistributing grid points optimally (in some sense) according to the underlying flow structures, and (ii) a dynamic minimization of the in built artificial dissipation of WENO schemes. Taking advantage of the structure detection properties of this multiresolution algorithm, the nonlinear weights of the conventional WENO implementation are selectively modified to ensure lower dissipation in smoother areas. This modification is implemented through a linear transition from the fifth‐order upwind stencil at the coarsest regions of the adaptive grid to a fully nonlinear fifth‐order WENO scheme at areas of high irregularity. Therefore, our computing algorithm consists of a dynamic grid adaptation strategy, a scale‐selective state reconstruction, a conservative flux calculation, and a total variation diminishing Runge‐Kutta scheme for time advancement. Results are presented for canonical examples drawn from the inviscid Burgers, shallow water, Euler, and magnetohydrodynamic equations. Our findings represent a novel direction for providing a scale‐selective dissipation process without a compromise on shock capturing behavior for conservation laws, which would be a strong contender for dynamic implicit large eddy simulation approaches.     

Cold,warm, and hot programming of shape memory polymers

In this article, programming is classified as hot, warm, and cold, based on the temperature zone within which the programming is conducted. The strain and stress locking and releasing mechanisms are discussed within the thermodynamics framework. A new formula is developed for quantifying the strain recovery ratio of cold-programmed SMPs. Stress fixity ratio and stress recovery ratio are also defined based on the understanding of stress locking and recovery mechanisms. State-of-the-art literature on warm and cold programming is reviewed. Well-controlled programming as well as free strain recovery test and constrained stress recovery test are conducted, in order to validate the memory mechanisms discussed in this study. It is found that, while programming temperature has an insignificant effect on the final free shape recovery, it has a significant effect on the stress recovery. The recovery stress programmed by cold programming may be lower, equal to, or higher than that by hot programming, due to the different stress locking mechanisms and other factors such as damage during the thermomechanical cycle. Cold, Warm, and Hot Programming of Shape Memory Polymers © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1319–1339     

基于正弦控制因子的Lateral变异鲨鱼优化算法

针对传统鲨鱼优化算法在求解高维目标函数时,易早熟收敛,陷入局部最优的缺陷.提出一种基于正弦控制因子的Lateral变异鲨鱼优化算法.通过正弦曲线的特性和自适应惯性权重,改善了传统鲨鱼优化算法中由于随机选取控制因子数值大小可能导致算法在迭代后期全局搜索能力降低的问题,提高了算法在迭代后期的全局收敛能力,并对最佳鲨鱼位置引入Lateral变异策略,加强了算法跳出局部最优的可能性.改进后的算法对多个shifted单峰,多峰以及固定维测试函数进行求解,实验结果表明,对比多种不同优化算法而言,本文所提LSSO算法具有更高的收敛精度和搜索速度.     

Tutorial review on validation of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry methods: Part II

This is the part II of a tutorial review intending to give an overview of the state of the art of method validation in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and discuss specific issues that arise with MS (and MS–MS) detection in LC (as opposed to the “conventional” detectors). The Part II starts with briefly introducing the main quantitation methods and then addresses the performance related to quantification: linearity of signal, sensitivity, precision, trueness, accuracy, stability and measurement uncertainty. The last section is devoted to practical considerations in validation. With every performance characteristic its essence and terminology are addressed, the current status of treating it is reviewed and recommendations are given, how to handle it, specifically in the case of LC–MS methods.     

Closed‐form approximations for spread options in Lévy markets

We provide new closed‐form approximations for the pricing of spread options in three specific instances of exponential Lévy markets, ie, when log‐returns are modeled as Brownian motions (Black‐Scholes model), variance gamma processes (VG model), or normal inverse Gaussian processes (NIG model). For the specific case of exchange options (spread options with zero strike), we generalize the well‐known Margrabe formula (1978) that is valid in a Black‐Scholes model to the VG model under a homogeneity assumption.     

基于小波变换的SAR图像自适应子带编码算法

为降低大数据量SAR图像对传输带宽和存储空间的要求,必须对SAR图像进行高效压缩.基于小波变换的传统SAR图像压缩方法只对低频子带进行分解处理,造成SAR图像处于中高频子带的重要纹理信息丢失.针对上述问题,提出一种基于小波变换的自适应SAR图像压缩算法.首先对图像进行小波软阈值消噪预处理,然后依据能量指标,进行子带重要性判定,对认定为重要的子带进行深一层次分解,分解完成后对所有子带进行恒定比特率条件下的最小误差量化,实现对图像的自适应压缩.仿真实验表明:该算法能很好地保护SAR图像的高频细节,提高了信噪比.     

容器内强爆炸波的高分辨率的数值模拟

采用了自适应的非结构网格和基于有限体积法的高阶Ｇｏｄｕｎｏｖ格式对正方形、正三角形和圆形容器内中心强爆炸波的演化进行了数值模拟,着重讨论了容器壁面压力最高值发生的时间和地点以及由于Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ－Ｔａｙｌｏｒ不稳定性引起的激波阵面不对称发展的过程．     

用于图像处理的自适应多级中值滤波器

研究了一种新的自适应多级中值滤波器（ＡＭＬＭ）在图像处理应用中的一些特性．研究表明：ＡＭＬＭ的细节保护能力介于单向多级中值滤波器（ＭＬＭ－）和双向多级中值滤波器（ＭＬＭ＋）之间,但滤噪能力总是优于ＭＬＭ－,而且大部分情况下优于ＭＬＭ＋．应用于实际噪声图像的滤波结果显示,ＡＭＬＭ优于ＭＬＭ＋及ＭＬＭ－．     

DSC变频调速系统中的无速度传感器技术

为提高控制系统的鲁棒性和稳定性,抑制电机参数变化的影响,本文比较几种作为参考模型的转子磁链算法,提出基于电流反馈估算转子磁链的观测器算法作为参考模型,利用模型参考自适应在线辩识转速,对无速度传感器的直接转矩控制调速系统的性能进行了全面的分析。