芦荟毒理作用研究

观察芦荟毒性作用.采用最大给药量及长期毒性测定芦荟毒性作用.芦荟最大给药量为临床成人1 d(4.5 g)口服量的1 400倍,长期毒性实验对血液学、血液生化学及重要组织形态学观察未见病理学改变.芦荟毒性低微长期用药安全.     

Dissipation Behavior and Acute Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite Clothianidin on Spinach

Thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residues pose a potential threat to human health. This study aims to investigate the residue behavior and acute dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin on spinach. Thiamethoxam and clothianidin were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). At spike levels from 0.01 to 5 mg kg⁻¹, the average recoveries of both analytes were in the range of 94.5–105.5%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.8–10.9%. The dissipation behavior of thiamethoxam followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of ≤1.6 days. Clothianidin appeared readily as a plant metabolite with highest level exhibited during 3 to 5 days after application. Temperature and light may be two main factors for degradation of thiamethoxam. Besides, acute risk assessment of thiamethoxam and clothianidin was evaluated with risk quotients (RQs) <100%, which suggested a low health risk for all consumer groups of Chinese residents.     

Antioxidant Cardioprotection against Reperfusion Injury: Potential Therapeutic Roles of Resveratrol and Quercetin

Ischemia-reperfusion myocardial damage is a paradoxical tissue injury occurring during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Although this damage could account for up to 50% of the final infarct size, there has been no available pharmacological treatment until now. Oxidative stress contributes to the underlying production mechanism, exerting the most marked injury during the early onset of reperfusion. So far, antioxidants have been shown to protect the AMI patients undergoing PCI to mitigate these detrimental effects; however, no clinical trials to date have shown any significant infarct size reduction. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider multitarget antioxidant therapies targeting multifactorial AMI. Indeed, this clinical setting involves injurious effects derived from oxygen deprivation, intracellular pH changes and increased concentration of cytosolic Ca²⁺ and reactive oxygen species, among others. Thus, we will review a brief overview of the pathological cascades involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury and the potential therapeutic effects based on preclinical studies involving a combination of antioxidants, with particular reference to resveratrol and quercetin, which could contribute to cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in myocardial tissue. We will also highlight the upcoming perspectives of these antioxidants for designing future studies.     

离子液体的毒性

离子液体因其特有的物化性质受到越来越多的关注,并被认为是环境友好的"绿色产品"。但是有关离子液体的潜在毒性一直被人们所忽视,直到最近才有少量报道。本文综述了离子液体毒性研究的相关情况：详细介绍了离子液体毒性研究的各种方法及优缺点;离子液体对各类生物的急性毒性和慢性毒性;离子液体的各部分组成,尤其是阳离子核种类、取代烷基碳链长度和阴离子种类对离子液体毒性的影响情况,以及SAR理论在离子液体毒性研究中的应用情况。在此基础上提出今后离子液体毒性研究的发展方向。     

毛冬青总皂苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及血液微量元素影响

目的研究毛冬青总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨其血液微量元素的影响。方法动物随机分为假手术组、模型组、毛冬青总皂苷(高、中、低)剂量组及阳性药物对照组,运用大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞,制作脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血10 min后,给药组及阳性药物组于舌下静脉给予高、中、低剂量的毛冬青总皂苷及假手术组、模型组给予等体积的溶剂。缺血60 min再灌注24 h后,每组取8只大鼠断头取脑,TTC染色,测定脑梗死体积;取血,测定血液中3种微量元素Ca、Zn、Cu的含量。结果毛冬青总皂苷组与模型组相比,毛冬青总皂苷治疗组脑梗死体积减小,病理变化较轻;模型组与假手术组比较血液中Ca、Cu含量增加明显有统计学意义,Zn含量明显降低与假手术组比较有统计学意义(P0.05),毛冬青高、中、低剂量组与模型组比较Ca、Cu含量明显降低,Zn含量明显升高,而且呈明显的量效关系,与模型组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论毛冬青总皂苷对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有一定的保护作用,其保护机制与毛冬青总皂苷抗氧化作用及增强氧自由基的清除有关。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱技术的心肌生物标志物检测

心血管疾病(CVD)是全球最主要的死亡原因,急性心肌梗死(AMI)是心血管疾病致死的主要病因,安全快速地诊断AMI对于降低患者的死亡率至关重要。因常用的检测方法如心电图(ECG)缺乏足够的敏感性,寻找并针对AMI生物标志物开展高灵敏检测已成为早期检测AMI重要手段。心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和肌红蛋白(Myo)是目前公认的检测AMI的重要心肌生物标志物。在过去的几十年里,许多生物传感器被开发出来用于检测心肌生物标志物,其中基于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)的心肌生物标志物检测技术迅速发展,并表现出独特的技术优势和广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了多种心肌生物标志物及其与AMI的关联,在此基础上概述主要的心肌生物标志物检测方法的原理、优势及局限性,重点介绍近年来新兴的SERS技术及其在心肌生物标志物传感方面的最新研究进展,并对该技术在AMI诊断方面的应用前景以及有待突破的瓶颈进行了讨论和展望。     

Primary study on the application of Serum Pharmacology in Chinese traditional medicine

In the paper, two main methods, which are Serum Pharmacology and Traditional Pharmacology, were adopted to study Chinese traditional medicine, such as Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), ginsenosides (GS) and compound GG (GBE + GS), pharmacology in vitro. The results showed that there were evident difference between the results of Serum Pharmacology and that of Traditional Pharmacology. There was no significant difference between the drug effect of crude GS on nitric oxide (NO) production in ECV304 and that of crude GBE, and the drug effect of GG was superior to that of GS and GBE, respectively. But, compared with GBE serum, the GS serum up-regulation of NO production in ECV304 increased significantly, and the GG serum up-regulation of the NO production in ECV304 was inferior to that of GS serum and GBE serum significantly. The results suggested that Serum Pharmacological study should be adopted in the pharmacological investigation on the Chinese traditional medicine and the drug screening of the Chinese traditional medicine.     

促红细胞生成素B螺旋表面肽的代谢稳定性结构修饰：设计、合成及其提高的肾保护作用

肾脏缺血缺氧以及再灌注过程都将导致肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,使肾功能严重受损.肾脏的缺血再灌注损伤是移植肾功能延迟恢复的主要原因并能诱导急慢性排斥,影响肾存活率.近年来发现,衍生于促红细胞生成素（EPO）的B螺旋亚基亲水表面序列的肽链（HBSP）,对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用,但其在体内极短的半衰期（约2min）极大地限制了它的临床应用.因此,本研究采用构象约束、全D-构型氨基酸替换和N-端封闭策略,设计了3种类型的EPOB螺旋表面肽衍生物,旨在提高其代谢稳定性环肽的设计采用了对氧化还原稳定的硫醚键和相对刚性的亚砜键两种环合方式.在多肽的合成上,采用微波辅助多肽自动合成和手工合成两种模式有机结合;优化了硫醚环合工艺,应用微波加热进行硫醚环肽的合成,大大提高了产率和效率;利用圆二色（CD）谱确定了亚砜环肽的相对构型.活性实验表明,相对于线性母肽HBSP,本文设计合成的代谢稳定衍生肽对大/小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤均有显著提高的保护作用,且硫醚和R-构型亚砜环肽的肾脏保护活性强于S-构型亚砜环肽.而且,环化确实提高了功能肽的血浆稳定性.因此,本文合成的硫醚环肽一周一次注射剂量等效于线性肽HBSP一日三次剂量对小鼠肾损伤的保护作用.     

催化材料对病毒的吸附和灭活作用及对哺乳动物细胞的毒性

 提出了以吸附和催化原理灭活病毒的设想，旨在开发出对病毒有过滤、吸附及灭活作用的高效非特异性催化材料，应用于各种防护设施，有效控制非典型肺炎（SARS）的传播．采用与SARS病毒相似的副流感病毒作为模拟对象，进行了吸附及灭活该病毒的催化材料研究，并考察了催化材料对哺乳动物细胞的毒性．结果表明，病毒气溶胶的阻留及吸附结果与基于DNA吸附的色谱分析结果相一致；部分材料可以强烈地吸附病毒（100％），甚至在强烈振荡下并洗脱至第3次，病毒也不能脱附；一些材料不仅可以吸附病毒，而且强烈振荡后的洗脱液虽然表现出一定的血凝效价，但接种鸡胚后，病毒并不增殖，说明材料具有明显的催化病毒灭活性能；对细胞毒性极低的材料可以用在与人体接触的防护材料和设施中．筛选出的性能优异的催化材料，拟进一步考察其对SARS病毒的灭活作用．     

螺旋CT成像联合血清copeptin、IL-18水平检测在急性脑梗死患者神经功能及预后评估中的应用价值

本文选取74例急性脑梗死(ACI)患者作为研究对象,入院时根据美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为重度组(NIHSS评分＞15分,n=21)、中度组(NIHSS评分5?15分,n=24)、轻度组(NIHSS评分＜5分,n=29),均接受血清copeptin和IL-18水平检测及螺旋CT成像检查.结果发现,随AC...