艾蒿人工生态绿地对生活污水中氮和磷的去除

考察艾蒿人工生态绿地在不同水力负荷下对生活污水中氛和磷的去除效果．，结果表明，艾蒿人工生态绿地启动快，处理效果稳定。人工生态绿地构建后即有很好的除磷效果，构建2周后有较好的除氮效果，在试验的水力条件下，总氮去除率达92％--95％，水力负荷对总氮去除率的影响小，总磷的去除率可达到95％，水力负荷对总磷去除率的影响很大。     

生物带-膜生物反应器脱氮除磷效果

在传统的一体式膜生物反应器（SMBR）中安装生物带将其改造成生物带-膜生物反应器（BMBR），BMBR所需启动时间较短，在运行5d后出水水质基本稳定．生物带上丰富的生物相、较强的吸附能力及所形成的厌氧-好氧交替微环境，导致出水水质较SMBR有所提高，COD、NH3-N、TN的去除效率分别由SMBR的81％、81％、30．1％提高至95％、88％、76％．但是由于剩余污泥零排放的运行方式，导致BMBR对TP的去除效果较差，在33％～37．5％之间．     

生物滤池处理微污染原水中氨氮及“氮亏损”影响因素分析

为探讨饮用水生物滤池对NH4+-N去除和"氮亏损"现象的影响因素,测定生物滤池进出水中NH4+-N,NO2--N,NO3--N等指标.结果表明,陶粒生物滤池对NH4+-N的去除率从14.97%到60.99%,活性炭生物滤池对NH4+-N的去除率从16.59%到83.02%;陶粒和活性炭滤池对NH4+-N的去除率都随着流速的增加而降低;陶粒滤池内NH4+-N的去除率随着气水比和C∶N的增加而先增加后下降;NH4+-N的去除率在活性炭滤池内随C∶N的增加而降低,气∶水的增加而增加;气∶水对两种生物滤池中NH4+-N去除的影响最大.陶粒生物滤池氮亏损的量从0.10 mg/L到0.70 mg/L,活性炭生物滤池氮亏损量从0.11 mg/L到1.01 mg/L;氮亏损量随着流速增加而降低,随着气水比增加而增加,随着C∶N的增加而先下降后增加;气水比对陶粒和活性炭生物滤池的氮亏损量影响最大.     

表面活性剂-振荡法处理柴油污染陕北地区土壤的实验研究

研究表面活性剂一振荡法去除陕北地区黄土中柴油类污染物的方法。实验选用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）及以硅酸钠为辅助剂对土壤中柴油类污染物进行去除的实验研究。实验结果说明选用阴离子表面活性剂对受污染土壤中柴油的去除率可达19％,添加辅助剂硅酸钠后去除率可达32％。实验为治理石油污染陕北地区土壤提供了选择合适表面活性剂种类的基本思路和实验数据。     

SBR的工艺特点分析

阐述了SBR法的基本流程、工艺特点及工艺的独特优势。SBR的主体工艺设备,只有一个按一定时间顺序间歇操作运行的反应器,工艺简单,投资和运行费用低。污泥活性强,质量浓度高,对水量、水质变化的适应性强,有机物去除率高,沉淀效果好,不易出现污泥膨胀,脱氮除磷效果好。SBR法已广泛用于许多行业多种废水的处理,并开发出一些改进工艺.介绍了几种SBR法的衍生工艺.     

Removal and recovery of copper (II) ions by bacterial biosorption

Studies were conducted toinvestigate the removal and recovery of copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions by Micrococcus sp., which was isolated from a local activated sludge process. The equilibrium of copper biosorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model very well with a maximum biosorption capacity (q_max) of 36.5 mg of Cu²⁺/gofdry cell at pH 5.0 and 52.1 mg of Cu²⁺/g of dry cell at pH 6.0. Cells harvested at exponential growth phase and stationary phase showed similar biosorption characteristics for copper, Copper uptake by cells was negligible at pH 2.0 and then increased rapidly with increasing pH un til 6.0. In multim etal systems, Micrococcus sp. exhibited a preferential biosorption order: Cu−Pb>Ni−Zn. There is virtually no interference with copper uptake by Micrococcus sp. from solutions bearing high concentrations of Cl⁻, SO ₄ ²⁻ , and NO3/− (0–500 mg/L). Sulfuric acid (0.05 M) was the most efficient desorption medium, recovering >90% of the initial copper sorbed. The copper capacity of Micrococcus sp. remained unchanged after five successive sorption and desorption cycles. Immobilization of Micrococcus sp. in 2% calcium alginate and 10% polyacrylamide gel beads increased copper uptake by 61%. Biomass of Micrococcus sp. may be applicable to the development of potentially cost-effective biosorbent for removing and recovering copper from effluents.     

烯丙基保护基在多羟基化合物中的应用

烯丙基保护基由于能够在温和的反应条件下,在羟基、氨基等基团中引入和脱除,并且具有很好的区域选择性和化学选择性,因此被广泛应用于有机合成中。本文介绍了烯丙基保护基的发展历史,综述了烯丙保护基对多羟基化合物中不同羟基的选择性保护应用,并阐述了烯丙保护基的引入和脱除的机理及方法。     

铁基水处理材料除砷技术的研究进展

自然环境中的砷污染问题被认为是全球最严重的环境威胁之一,人类长期暴露于含砷饮用水环境中会引起各种疾病的发生,因此,开发经济有效的除砷技术一直是砷污染治理领域的研究热点。铁基水处理材料由于其对砷的良好亲和力、表面反应活性强、价廉易制、便于回收等特点,一直备受关注。本文综述了近年来不同铁基水处理材料如铁(氢)氧化物、纳米零价铁、铁基多金属氧化物复合材料除砷技术的研究进展,论述了铁基水处理材料对水相中砷去除的影响因素及机理;同时,对影响铁基水处理材料砷解吸的因素和毒性评估研究进行了总结;指出了目前铁基水处理材料砷污染去除技术研究中存在的主要问题,并对水相砷污染去除技术研究中值得关注的重要发展方向进行了展望。     

Efficient CO2 Removal for Ultra‐Pure CO Production by Two Hybrid Ultramicroporous Materials

Removal of CO₂ from CO gas mixtures is a necessary but challenging step during production of ultra‐pure CO as processed from either steam reforming of hydrocarbons or CO₂ reduction. Herein, two hybrid ultramicroporous materials (HUMs), SIFSIX‐3‐Ni and TIFSIX‐2‐Cu‐i , which are known to exhibit strong affinity for CO₂, were examined with respect to their performance for this separation. The single‐gas CO sorption isotherms of these HUMs were measured for the first time and are indicative of weak affinity for CO and benchmark CO₂/CO selectivity (>4000 for SIFSIX‐3‐Ni ). This prompted us to conduct dynamic breakthrough experiments and compare performance with other porous materials. Ultra‐pure CO (99.99 %) was thereby obtained from CO gas mixtures containing both trace (1 %) and bulk (50 %) levels of CO₂ in a one‐step physisorption‐based separation process.