苯丙氨酸光学异构体的酶法拆分

氨基酰化酶;苯丙氨酸光学异构体的酶法拆分     

Elucidating Sequence and Structural Determinants of Carbohydrate Esterases for Complete Deacetylation of Substituted Xylans

Acetylated glucuronoxylan is one of the most common types of hemicellulose in nature. The structure is formed by a β-(1→4)-linked D-xylopyranosyl (Xylp) backbone that can be substituted with an acetyl group at O-2 and O-3 positions, and α-(1→2)-linked 4-O-methylglucopyranosyluronic acid (MeGlcpA). Acetyl xylan esterases (AcXE) that target mono- or doubly acetylated Xylp are well characterized; however, the previously studied AcXE from Flavobacterium johnsoniae (FjoAcXE) was the first to remove the acetyl group from 2-O-MeGlcpA-3-O-acetyl-substituted Xylp units, yet structural characteristics of these enzymes remain unspecified. Here, six homologs of FjoAcXE were produced and three crystal structures of the enzymes were solved. Two of them are complex structures, one with bound MeGlcpA and another with acetate. All homologs were confirmed to release acetate from 2-O-MeGlcpA-3-O-acetyl-substituted xylan, and the crystal structures point to key structural elements that might serve as defining features of this unclassified carbohydrate esterase family. Enzymes comprised two domains: N-terminal CBM domain and a C-terminal SGNH domain. In FjoAcXE and all studied homologs, the sequence motif around the catalytic serine is Gly-Asn-Ser-Ile (GNSI), which differs from other SGNH hydrolases. Binding by the MeGlcpA-Xylp ligand is directed by positively charged and highly conserved residues at the interface of the CBM and SGNH domains of the enzyme.     

Non-enzymatic model glycation reactions--a comprehensive study of the reactivity of a modified arginine with aldehydic and diketonic dicarbonyl compounds by electrospray mass spectrometry

Non-enzymatic glycation (Maillard reaction) of long-lived proteins is a major contributor to the pathology of diabetes, and possibly aging and Alzheimer's disease. Among the amino residues in proteins arginine plays an important role, and its modification by sugar moieties generates the so-called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Moreover, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds have been found as the main participants in those modifications.Four alpha-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydic and ketonic, were reacted with the modified amino acid N(alpha)-acetyl-L-arginine (AcArg), in an attempt to establish structure/activity relationships for the reactivity of alpha-dicarbonyls with the amine compound. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), combined with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), was used to identify and characterize reagents, intermediates and reaction products. The fragmentation patterns of precursor ions showed similarities in all reaction systems studied, in which fragmentation of the amino acid residue prevails, especially for the dehydrated and/or multiple dehydrated precursor ions. For the non-hydrated ion species, fragmentation of the arginyl guanidino group was mainly observed. Specific information regarding the nature of the ions formed, in which the dicarbonyl electrophile character played an important role, was obtained. As an example, singly and doubly hydrated acetyl-argpyrimidine ions were detected for the methylglyoxal reaction only. For symmetrical dicarbonyls, glyoxal and diacetyl, the importance of steric contributions with respect to the energetic ones is discussed. Furthermore, the dehydrated acetyl-tetrahydropyrimidine ions for methylglyoxal and phenylglyoxal reactions revealed fragment ion compositions including the protonated molecules of acetyl-argpyrimidine, -hydroimidazolone and -5-methylimidazolone. An explanation for the acetyl-argpyrimidine formation from the acetyl-hydroimidazolone formation reaction is proposed. Aspects such as the amount of acetyl-hydroimidazolone formed, the response of the hydration equilibria of the dicarbonyl forms to the new unhydrated dicarbonyls introduced by the reversal of the acetyl-hydroimidazolone formation reaction and the stability of the dicarbonyl intermediate involved in the acetyl-argpyrimidine formation are proposed, as being responsible to control the formation of acetyl-argpyrimidine.     

Synthesis of Benz[d]oxazolones Involving Concomitant Acetyl Migration from Oxygen to Nitrogen

Heating of o-acetoxybenzoyl azides 6–10 in toluene leads to the Curtius reaction, which, when followed by closure of oxazolone ring with concomitant migration of acetyl group from oxygen to nitrogen, produces 3-acetoxybenz[d]oxazol-2(3H)-ones 11–15, which undergo hydrolysis with hot dilute hydrochloric acid to furnish benz[d]oxazol-2(3H)-ones 17–21. Thermal reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoyl azide (22) in toluene finally yields a mixture of 5-nitrobenz[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (20) and 5-nitrobenz[d]isoxazol-3(2H)-one (23).     

A Facile Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite Using Diazotization with p-Nitroaniline and Coupling with Acetyl Acetone

 A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of nitrite in water and soil samples. The method is based on the reaction of nitrite with p-nitroaniline to form a diazonium ion, which is coupled with a new coupling agent, acetyl acetone in an alkaline medium. The dye shows an absorption maximum at 490 nm and obeys Beer’s law over a range of 0.5 to 14 μg nitrite per 10 mL analyte. The molar absorptivity of the colour system is 3.2×10⁴ L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹. The relative standard deviation is 2.7% (n = 10). The dye formed is stable for 3 h. The effect of interfering ions on the determination is described. The method has been suggested for the determination of nitrite in water and soil samples. The results obtained were compared with the standard N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride method. Received April 12, 2001.     

乙酰-DL-环己基甘氨酸的合成

以环己基溴为原料,在醇钠存在下,经过与丙二酸二乙酯发生烃化反应,再水解,酸化、脱羧制得环己基乙酸;后者再经溴化、氨解得到DL－环己基甘氨酸;最后在醋酐存在下发生乙酰化反应得到了环氧合酶－2（COX－2）抑制剂JTE－522的重要中间体乙酰－DL－环己基甘氨酸,目标产物结构经元素分析,IR和^1H NMR验证。     

DFT Calculations,Spectroscopic Studies,Biological Activity and Non Linear Optical Properties (NLO) of Novel Ternary Cu(II)‐Chelates Derived from 5‐Acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐1,3‐thiazinedione

New ternary Cu(II)‐chelates with the general formula [ML L′(H₂O)_x] (NO₃)_y x (H₂O), x = 0–2 and y = 0–1, (L) = 5‐acetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐1,3‐thiazine‐2,6(3H)‐dione with in the presence of a secondary ligand (L′) [N,O‐donor; 8 hydroxyquinoline or N,N‐donor; 1,10‐phenanthroline and diethethylendiamine]. Characterization of the synthesized complexes was established based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, spectral (infrared, electronic, mass, ¹H‐NMR and ESR) as well as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The complexes exhibited octahedral and square planer geometry. The antimicrobial activity for the studied complexes was tested for different kind of organisms. The geometrical and non‐linear optical parameters of the studied complexes 1–3 are investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/GENECP level of theory. The optimized geometries of the studied complexes are non‐planner as indicated from the dihedral angles. The natural charge population (core, valence and Rydberg), exact electronic configuration, total Lewis, and total non‐Lewis is computed and discussed in terms of natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis. The calculated E_HOMO and E_LUMO energies at the same level of theory of the studied complexes were used to calculate the global properties; hardness (η), global softness (S), electrophilicity (ω) and electronegativity (χ). The total dipole moment (μ_tot), total and anisotropy of polarizability (? α ?), (Δα) and first hyperpolarizability (? β ?) values were calculated and compared with urea as a reference compound. From the values of the computed first hyperpolarizability (? β ?), the ligand and the studied complexes show promising optical properties.     

3种前处理方法处理婴幼儿配方奶粉中二十二碳六烯酸、花生四烯酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的差异性

探讨了国家标准GB 5009.168-2016中乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化法、酸水解酯化法和碱水解酯化法3种前处理手段处理婴幼儿配方奶粉中4种多不饱和脂肪酸(二十二碳六烯酸、花生四烯酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸)含量的差异性。乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化法和酸水解酯化法明显优于碱水解酯化法。乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化法中,样品的水解和脂肪的甲酯化同时进行并相互促进,使得脂肪的释放和甲酯化能够完全进行。通过对反应过程和添加回收率两个方面的考察,证明了乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化法检测结果的准确性。酸、碱水解酯化法是分别利用酸、碱对样品进行水解,然后提取脂肪进行甲酯化。从水解效率、提取效率及甲酯化效率3个方面对酸、碱水解酯化法进行对比,结果表明,水解效率是影响酸、碱水解差异性的主要因素,酸水解法更适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中不饱和脂肪酸的测定。通过对实际样品的检测,进一步验证了乙酰氯-甲醇甲酯化法和酸水解酯化法测定多不饱和脂肪酸的准确性,同时对其他食品中脂肪酸的测定具有较强的指导意义。     

N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalysed Direct Synthesis of Cyano Esters via Cyanation‐Esterification Reaction of α‐Keto Esters

The cyanation‐esterification reaction of α‐keto esters catalysed by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is developed. Under the catalysis of 10 mol% 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene, aromatic and aliphatic α‐keto esters reacted with ethyl cyanoformate or acetyl cyanide to produce the corresponding cyano esters with a tetrasubstituted carbon center in high yields.     

Asymmetric catalysis as a method for the synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds

This review discusses methods for the metallo-, organo- and biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds with many applications in stereoselective synthesis with references to updated literature reports as well as the author’s original research. Asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation and reduction with chiral organometallic complexes, together with actively used asymmetric organocatalytic versions of various reactions enable us to synthesize chiral organophosphonates and phosphinates with high enantioselectivity and purity. Asymmetric catalysis is also an effective tool to realize some classic reactions of phosphorus chemistry in a stereospecific manner.