电镀金刚石刀具钻削碳纤维复合材料磨粒磨损特征研究

采用电镀金刚石钻磨组合刀具钻削碳纤维复合材料能够有效地减小或消除毛刺和分层等加工缺陷,刀具的使用寿命主要取决于电镀金刚石磨粒的使用寿命．为此,对研制的刀具表面电镀金刚石磨粒的加工磨损形态进行了系统的统计观测．研究结果表明：采用电镀金刚石钻磨组合刀具钻削T300碳纤维复合材料过程中,电镀层的金刚石磨粒具有独特的初期不稳定磨损、混合磨损和正常磨损3个阶段,其磨损形态与钻削产生的轴向力具有显著的线性关系．随着钻孔数目的增加,钻磨孔的轴向力逐渐增大,但是加工出的孔径在刀具经过初期磨损后仍然能够较长时间地稳定在0．024mm误差范围内．     

Premixed jet flame characteristics of syngas using OH planar laser induced fluorescence

Lean premixed flame characteristics of several typical low calorific value (LCV) syngases (basis CO/H2/CH4/CO2/N2),including bituminous coal,wood residue,corn core,and wheat straw gasification syngas,were investigated using OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology.OH radical distributions within the turbulent flame were measured for different turbulence intensities.Flame structures of syngases were analyzed and characterized with respect to burnt and unburnt regions,flame curvature (sharp cusp),local extinction (holes and penetration),OH reaction layer thickness,wrinkling,and other features,with OH-PLIF instantaneous images and statistical analysis.Results show that H2 content,LCV,and turbulence intensity are the most effective factors influencing the OH radical intensity and thickness of OH radical layers.The bituminous coal gasification syngas with relatively higher LCV and H2 content tends to burn out easily.Through changes in thickness of the OH radical layers and signal intensities,the reaction layer can be compressed by intensifying turbulence and thereby the combustion processes of syngas.     

方柱微结构芯片射流冲击流动沸腾换热实验研究

对喷射条件下的电子芯片在FC-72中的流动沸腾换热进行了研究,并和同工况下的光滑芯片作了对比.实验选取的工况如下:过冷度为25、35℃;横流速度Vc为0.5、1、1.5m/s;喷射速度Vj为0、1、2m/s.实验采用的硅片尺寸为10mm×10mm×0.5mm,通过干腐蚀技术在其表面加工出30μm×120μm、50μm×120μm的方柱微结构.实验表明,所有芯片的换热性能都随过冷度和流速的增加而提高,方柱微结构能明显地强化芯片换热,而射流冲击进一步提高了芯片在高热流密度下的换热性能.同一横流速度下,喷射速度越大,换热性能越好,尤其是Vc=0.5m/s、Vj=2m/s时,强化效果最显著.随着横流速度的增加,射流冲击的强化效果减弱,临界热流密度值增幅减小.     

基于摩擦磨损的KDP晶体固结磨料抛光垫优化

本文通过固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨的单因素试验探究固结磨料球中反应物种类、磨粒浓度、反应物浓度、基体硬度对摩擦系数、磨痕截面积和磨痕处粗糙度的影响,试验结果表明:KHCO₃固结磨料球对磨后磨痕对称性好,磨痕处的粗糙度值低;磨痕截面积随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加而增大,随基体硬度的增大而降低;磨痕处粗糙度随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加先降低后上升,随基体硬度的增大先上升后降低;摩擦系数受磨粒和反应物浓度影响不明显,随基体硬度的增大而降低。选择KHCO₃作为反应物,Ⅰ基体,磨粒浓度为基体质量的100%,反应物浓度为15%制备固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨后的磨痕轮廓对称度好且磨痕处粗糙度值低,以该组分制备固结磨料垫干式抛光KDP晶体,可实现晶体表面粗糙度Sa值为18.50 nm,材料去除率为130 nm/min的高效精密加工。     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射加工表面自相关性及功率谱分析

磨粒喷射精密光整加工是重要零件在磨削后进行去除表面缺陷层、降低粗糙度和波纹度为目的的光整加工新工艺.试验在M7120磨床上完成,加工试样为Ra=0.2~0.6μm的#45钢,加工表面形貌和微观几何参数用SEM和TR200表面轮廓仪测量.应用随机过程中的相关性从自相关、功率谱密度函数两方面对磨削表面和光整加工表面进行了研究.分析结果表明,该加工方法明显提高了工件的表面质量,降低了工件的表面粗糙度并均化了波纹度.     

On the inflation and deflation dynamics of liquid-filled,hyperelastic balloons

We derive a reduced-order model describing the inflation and deflation dynamics of a liquid-filled hyperelastic balloon, focusing on inviscid laminar flow and the extensional motion of the balloon. We initially study the flow and pressure fields for dictated motion of the solid, which throughout deflation are obtained by solving the potential problem. However, during inflation, flow separation creates a jet within the balloon, requiring a different approach. The analyses of both flow regimes lead to a simple piecewise model, describing the fluidic pressure during inflation and deflation, which is verified by finite element computations. We then use a variational approach to derive the equation describing the interaction between the extensional mode of the balloon and the entrapped fluid, yielding a nonlinear hybrid oscillator equation. Analytical and graphical investigations of the suggested model are presented, shedding light on its static and dynamic behaviour under different operating conditions. Our simplified model and its underlying assumptions are verified utilizing a fully coupled finite element scheme, showing excellent agreement.     

Comparison of two cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet configurations in argon

The present study compares the operation of two cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) configurations: needle-to-cylinder electrode configuration (CAPJ I) and single high-voltage cylinder electrode around the quartz tube (CAPJ II). The CAPJs were operated in argon flowing through a quartz capillary with 0.5-mm inner diameter into the ambient air, and the plasma was generated by sinusoidal kHz frequency AC power supplies. The main emphasis of the study was on the mechanism of the initiation of ionization waves for these two configurations. For both CAPJs, there appeared several ionization waves during one half-period of the applied voltage waveform, and the number of ionization waves increased at higher voltage amplitudes. However, we discovered marked differences in the initiation of the ionization waves for two different CAPJ configuration. The applied voltage controlled the initiation of consecutive ionization waves, which propagated from the grounded electrode towards the tube orifice in CAPJ I. In the case of CAPJ II, certain time had to pass for the initiation of a new ionization wave, and subsequent ionization waves within the same half-period started at the tube orifice. In addition to the differences in the initiation of the ionization waves, we observed that the CAPJ I was ignited and sustained at lower voltages, while CAPJ II produced a longer plasma jet. The observed advantages and deficiencies of investigated CAPJ configurations point out their potential in different applications.     

Experimental investigation on the effects of the standoff distance and the initial radius on the dynamics of a single bubble near a rigid wall in an ultrasonic field

Bubble behaviors near a boundary in an ultrasonic field are the fundamental forms of acoustic cavitation and of substantial importance in various applications, such as industry cleaning, chemical engineering and food processing. The effects of two important factors that strongly affect the dynamics of a single acoustic cavitation bubble, namely, the initial bubble radius and the standoff distance, were investigated in this work. The temporal evolution of the bubble was recorded using high speed microphotography. Meanwhile, the time of bubble collapse and the characteristics of the liquid jets were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the intensity of the acoustic cavitation, which is characterized by the time of bubble collapse and the liquid jet speed, reaches the optimum level under suitable values of the initial bubble radius and the normalized standoff distance. As the initial bubble radius and the normalized standoff distance increase or decrease from the optimal values, the time of the bubble collapse increases, and the first liquid jet’s speed decreases substantially, whereas the speeds of the second and third liquid jets exhibit no substantial changes. These results on bubble dynamics in an ultrasonic field are important for identifying or correcting the mechanisms of acoustic cavitation and for facilitating its optimization and application.     

A Concise Method to Predict the Mean Dynamic Pressure on a Plunge Pool Slab

Hydrodynamic pressure exerted on a plunge pool slab by jet impingement is of high interest in high dam projects. The present study experimentally investigated the characteristics of pressure induced by a jet through a constant width flip bucket (CFB) and a slit flip bucket (SFB). A pressurized plane pipe was employed in the flume experiments to control the inlet velocities in the flip buckets. A concise method is proposed to predict the mean dynamic pressure field. Its implementation is summarized as follows: First, the position of the pressure field is determined by the trajectories of free jets, and to calculate its trajectories, an equation based on parabolic trajectory theory is used; second, the maximum mean dynamic pressure is obtained through dimensional analysis, and then the pressure field is established by applying the law of Gaussian distribution. Those steps are integrated into a concise computing procedure by using some easy-to-obtain parameters. Some key parameters, such as takeoff velocity coefficient, takeoff angle coefficient, and the parameter k2, are also investigated in this paper. The formulas of these coefficients are obtained by fitting the experimental data. Using the proposed method, the easy-to-obtain geometric parameters and initial hydraulic conditions can be used to calculate the maximum mean dynamic pressure on the slab. A comparison between experimental data and calculated results confirmed the practicability of this model. These research results provide a reference for hydraulic applications.     

浸没水射流冷却过程热流密度的导热反问题计算方法

基于单点测温、常热流假设,任意未来时间步长的导热反问题算法求解浸没水射流冷却过程的热流密度;采用有限容积法离散方程,附加源项法处理边界条件。表面施加三角形热流的经典算例验证了算法的正确性。水冷实验数据分析结果表明:射流能提高热流密度和临界温度,缩小过渡区温度区间。