等效约束下风激励汽车前侧窗玻璃声辐射分析

为研究风激励下汽车侧窗玻璃表面湍流压力脉动激起玻璃振动而向车内辐射噪声的问题,以某试验车左前侧窗玻璃系统为研究对象,首先基于等效原理,将车窗密封条等效成系列弹簧约束,进行离散化建模,并搭建Matlab-Abaqus联合仿真优化平台,得到最佳等效弹簧刚度,建立侧窗系统约束边界等效模型.接着利用Corcos模型计算得到侧窗表面湍流压力脉动的功率谱密度,作为侧窗等效模型的激励,应用有限元方法计算车内驾驶员人耳处的声辐射.最后应用激光测振仪,获得侧窗表面振动速度分布试验数据,利用边界元方法(半仿真)计算车内声辐射.比较两种方法的计算结果,发现200Hz以上声辐射频谱特性吻合良好,证明了利用玻璃边界等效简化模型与Corcos模型作为激励源计算侧窗玻璃振动引起的声辐射有一定程度的适用性.     

基于声源定位的头部姿态检测系统研究与实现

研究了声源定位技术在鼾声检测上的应用,主要研究鼾声的声学特性、声源定位技术原理,并利用声源定位技术对人体打鼾时头部姿态进行识别.采用广义互相关函数法对多路声音采集系统采集到的鼾声信号进行延迟估计计算,根据得到的相对时延信息进行声音定位,结合定位信息和朝向信息推断出当前受试者打鼾时头部姿态.采用数据采集卡进行高速信号采集,使用虚拟仪器Labview进行信号处理和算法实现,实验中受试者以不同头部姿态在该系统监测下模拟打鼾,通过该系统检测头部姿态,综合判断正确率达到80%.     

孤立子内波存在下的声传播仿真研究

孤立子内波会对声传播产生巨大的影响,基于有限元方法利用COMSOL软件对孤立子内波影响下的声学问题进行求解,仿真研究.首先建立了孤立子内波模型,通过仿真分析了孤立子内波对声场的影响.结果显示,孤立子内波会影响声线的传播轨迹和传播损失,可使声场能量分布更均匀.孤立子内波还会对声矢量场产生影响,使水平质点振速传播损失减小,使垂向质点振速略微增加.     

Application of the transmission line matrix method for outdoor sound propagation modelling – Part 1: Model presentation and evaluation

The present paper deals with an original time-domain approach applied to outdoor sound propagation under meteorological effects. The transmission line matrix method, based on the Huygens’ principle, had already been validated over impedant grounds and complex topography. The presented formulation proposes to take into account meteorological effects (wind speed and temperature) through the relative sound speed. The necessary wavefront direction is determined through the calculation of the averaged intensity vector direction. A good agreement is found between simulations of both the transmission line matrix and parabolic equation methods. A relevant use of the method is shown in the framework of environmental acoustics and initial applications are proposed in Part 2.     

Ambident Reactivity of Imidazolium Cations as Evidence of the Dynamic Nature of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Organocatalysis

This work reveals ambident nucleophilic reactivity of imidazolium cations towards carbonyl compounds at the C2 or C4 carbene centers depending on the steric properties of the substrates and reaction conditions. Such an adaptive behavior indicates the dynamic nature of organocatalysis proceeding via a covalent interaction of imidazolium carbenes with carbonyl substrates and can be explained by generation of the H-bonded ditopic carbanionic carbenes.     

Application of acoustic methods for a non-destructive evaluation of the elastic properties of several typologies of materials

In solid phase materials, differently from what happens in the fluid phase, elastic waves propagate both through longitudinal and transverse waves. From the speed of propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves, it is possible to evaluate important elastic properties of the solids under study, namely the Young’s modulus, the Poisson’s coefficient, the bulk modulus and the shear modulus. This work suggests an accurate method for measuring wave propagation speeds in homogeneous and non-homogeneous materials with the purpose to evaluate their mechanical properties and the associated uncertainty.First of all, to assess the performance of the proposed methodology, based on the “pulse-echo” technique, in terms of accuracy and precision, measurements of wave propagation speeds have been carried out, in atmospheric conditions, in well-known homogeneous and isotropic materials, such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel and also polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas®), Teflon® and optical glass BK7. These results were compared with the values reported in literature (if present), showing how published speed of sound data are very disperse and not so reliable owing to the lack of a precise uncertainty evaluation and of the temperature value associated to the measurement. Then, the same experimental apparatus was used for measuring speed of sound as a function of temperature (from 274.15 to 313.15 K) for 304 stainless steel and oxygen free copper, showing a good accuracy of the results also for temperature conditions far from ambient. Finally, the same procedure was applied to a non-homogeneous solid, obtaining some very preliminary results in typical mediterranean building material, as Carrara marble.     

Volumetric behaviour of the (2,2,4-trimethylpentane + methylbenzene + butan-1-ol) ternary system and its binary sub-systems within the temperature range (298.15–328.15) K

Densities and speeds of sound of the (2,2,4-trimethylpentane + methylbenzene + butan-1-ol) ternary system as well as all its binary sub-systems were measured at four temperatures, namely 298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K, and 328.15 K at atmospheric pressure by a vibrating-tube densimeter DSA 5000. The binary (isooctane + toluene) system was studied previously. Excess quantities (molar volume, adiabatic compressibility, and isobaric thermal expansivity) of the mixtures studied were calculated from the experimental densities and speed of sounds. The excess molar volume data were correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation. Both the positive and S-shaped excess molar volume curves were found for the systems studied. The excess molar volumes versus concentration of binary systems differed in the shape and temperature dependence. The experimental binary data were compared with literature data. The experimental excess molar volumes were analyzed by means of the Extended Real Associated Solution (ERAS) model. The experimental data and the ERAS model can help to estimate real behaviour of the systems studied.     

基于特征融合的视频异常事件检测方法

为有效对视频数据进行降维并去除特征集合中的冗余信息, 以提高异常事件的检测效率, 从特征提取和选择的角度提出了融合特征区分度和相关性的视频异常事件检测方法。利用视频数据的时空邻域信息进行特征提取。通过分析特征的判别力和相关性进行特征选择, 从而去除特征集合中的冗余信息, 提高异常事件检测的效率和准确性。实验结果表明, 该方法的检测准确率都优于其他传统方法, 能有效地对场景中发生异常事件的区域进行准确定位。     

基于压缩感知的矢量阵聚焦定位方法

本文针对噪声源近场定位识别问题,利用声源分布在空间域具有稀疏性,在压缩感知理论框架下建立了新体系下的矢量阵聚焦波束形成方法,用于解决同频相干声源的定位识别问题.新方法可在小快拍下准确获得噪声源的空间位置,且不损失对噪声源贡献相对大小的评价能力.通过详细的理论推导、仿真分析和试验验证,证明了基于压缩感知的矢量阵聚焦定位新方法本质上实现了l1范数正则化求解下的波形恢复和空间谱估计,因此具有较高的定位精度,较强的相干声源分辨能力、准确的声源贡献相对大小评价能力以及较高的背景压制能力,可应用于水下复杂噪声源的定位识别.     

不同频率的声波刺激对猕猴桃组培苗根系发育的影响

用不同频率的声波刺激中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)的组培苗,研究模拟声场的环境应力刺激对植物根系发育的生物学效应.结果表明,猕猴桃试管苗的根系发育过程对外界声波刺激有较显著的双向效应.适度频率的声波(1 000 Hz左右)可促进幼苗根系的生长发育;但当声波频率超过一定范围(2 000 Hz)后,对根系发育的促进效应就明显减弱,到5 000 Hz时甚至开始抑制组培苗的根系发育.文中同时探讨了声波影响根系发育的可能机理.