Validated multi‐drug determination using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the evaluation of a commercial drug disposal product

Currently, there are limited effective means of drug disposal for consumers, and this creates a gateway to illicit use and environmental contamination. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a new drug disposal product, composed from a slurry of activated carbon, which claims to sequester up to 100% of a drug's active ingredient when the loading capacity is not exceeded, making it safe to dispose in landfill. High‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to quantify as many as 24 drugs (opiates, barbiturates, statins, amphetamine, and benzodiazepine drugs) in the residual solvent solution from the product. Calibration curves were established in the concentration ranges of 0.25–7.0 μg/mL and showed good linearity. The limits of detection varied from 0.001 to 0.02 μg/mL, depending on the drug. Accuracy ranged from 80 to 111% for quality control samples, with a few minor exceptions. Precision overall varied between 0.2 to 12.7%. In sample bottles tested, where active ingredient of the loaded drug was below the maximum sorption capacity stated on the label, 98 to >99.9% of the active ingredient was sequestered. Percent active ingredient adsorbed was slightly lower in bottles loaded in excess of label specifications.     

污水集中治理的成本构成及其分摊方法研究

讨论了污水集中治理的成本构成和影响这些成本的主要因素,并对成本分摊问题进行了形式化描述．分析了污水收集和处理的主要成本的合理分摊应该满足的条件,给出了比较合理和实用的成本分摊方法．     

新疆花岗岩物理力学性质的矿物组成和微观结构分析

为分析不同类型花岗岩物理力学性质差异,通过选取不同粒径的新疆花岗岩试样进行电镜扫描和矿物成分测试试验,研究岩石矿物组成和微观结构与其物理力学性质之间关系。结果表明：花岗岩中石英和长石矿物胶结很好而具有孔隙率低和强度高特点;随着粒径增大,花岗岩中云母含量增加,导致粗粒花岗岩的孔隙率较高和强度偏低;通过电镜扫描得出花岗岩微观结构质密,矿物胶结很好,颗粒分布均匀,从而具有孔隙率低和强度高特点,同时由于细粒花岗岩微观结构更质密且晶粒镶嵌紧密而孔隙率最低但强度最高。可见天湖细粒花岗岩体由于质密、低孔隙率和高力学强度的特点更适合作为高放废物地质处置岩体。     

钻井岩屑回注诱导裂缝扩展研究及发展趋势

随着油气开采过程中油基钻井液的广泛使用以及各国环保要求的提高,大量油基钻屑堆积,无法处理,已经成为了不可忽视的问题。而岩屑回注被证实是解决该问题经济有效的方法。在过去30年,岩屑回注的应用越来越广泛,但回注液体泄漏事件时有发生。究其原因是由于对于岩屑回注过程中裂缝产生和延伸规律的认识不清,导致岩屑回注施工设计误差大,泄露风险高。因此,研究岩屑回注过程中裂缝扩展和延伸规律是施工设计的基础,可有效降低泄露风险。本文从理论基础、实验研究和数值模拟几个方面简单概括了岩屑回注过程中裂缝产生范围和裂缝几何形态的研究进展,总结了当前研究的局限性,并提出新的研究方向。     

高放射性核废料地质处置中铜腐蚀行为研究进展

 随着核工业的飞速发展,高放射性废物的处置成为重大安全和环保问题,而深地质处置是普遍接受的方案。在处置库花岗岩环境及无氧还原条件下,更适合的处置罐材料为高纯铜。本文从处置库的地质环境、铜处置罐的腐蚀、铜处置罐的寿命预测等方面,综述处置库环境下纯铜的腐蚀电化学行为的研究进展,以更好地评估纯铜在处置库环境下的耐蚀性能及预测处置罐的寿命。     

中国高速铁路地震预警系统的研究与试验

 分析了中国高速铁路地震预警系统研发的迫切性,介绍了地震预警系统最新研究进展和试验验证情况,明确了地震预警系统的研究目标与预警方法,提出了地震预警系统的发展方向。     

新型岩巷连续排矸组合系统在邢东矿的应用

通过分析岩巷掘进施工的排矸系统,构建了新型岩巷连续排矸组合系统,即"履带挖斗装载机+皮带机+水平矸石仓+耙斗装载机+矿车"。迎头出矸采用移动式挖斗装载机,实现迎头快速扒、装矸;后路运输采用水平矸石仓配合矿车,实现了迎头施工和后路运输的平行作业。通过对比分析邢东矿-760皮带大巷和轨道大巷,发现新型岩巷连续排矸系统大大提高了出矸效率,解决了制约巷道掘进速度的排矸问题;总结了该新型出矸系统的适用条件。     

T-S模糊控制方法在生物流化床系统中的应用

针对生物流化床污水处理系统的非线性、时滞、时变等问题,提出采用T-S模糊控制方法,将复杂的非线性系统模糊化为局部线性模型,并引入积分环节,降低T-S模糊控制器维数,简化规则.最后,通过实验进行理论验证.实验结果表明,该方法可行且有效.     

Joint control of production,remanufacturing, and disposal activities in a hybrid manufacturing–remanufacturing system

To generate insights into how production of new items and remanufacturing and disposal of returned products can be effectively coordinated, we develop a model of a hybrid manufacturing–remanufacturing system. Formulating the model as a Markov decision process, we investigate the structure of the optimal policy that jointly controls production, remanufacturing, and disposal decisions. Considering the average profit maximization criterion, we show that the joint optimal policy can be characterized by three monotone switching curves. Moreover, we show that there exist serviceable (i.e., as-new) and remanufacturing (i.e., returned) inventory thresholds beyond which production cannot be optimal but disposal is always optimal. We also identify conditions under which idling and disposal actions are always optimal when the system is empty. Using numerical comparisons between models with and without remanufacturing and disposal options, we generate insights into the benefit of utilizing these options. To effectively coordinate production, remanufacturing, and disposal activities, we propose a simple, implementable, and yet effective heuristic policy. Our extensive numerical results suggest that the proposed heuristic can greatly help firms to effectively coordinate their production, remanufacturing, and disposal activities and thereby reduce their operational costs.     

基于RST的海底采场顶板稳定性二级模糊评价方法

 为更加科学准确地评价海底采场顶板稳定性,提出一种基于粗糙集理论（RST）的采场顶板稳定性二级模糊评价方法。结合三山岛金矿海底开采实例,选取岩体抗压强度、岩石质量指标、节理平均间距、地下水状况、以及采场的深度、跨度、跨高比、周围扰动影响、顶板暴露面积、顶板最大暴露时间和支护措施等11项指标作为评价因子,采用连续分段函数和模糊语言变量隶属度取值表,分别确定连续性指标隶属度和离散型变量隶属度,并以12个采场为训练样本,采用粗糙集理论（RST）确定各指标权重,运用所建二级模糊评价模型,对12个采场样本逐一进行检验,正确率为100%;对-400m水平采场顶板稳定性进行评价,评价结果与该采场顶板的实际状况吻合,表明了该方法用于海底采场顶板稳定性评价的可行性。