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991.
We analyze the role and influence of a tradition of research linked to the concept of
primary matter
in nineteenth-century studies on the nature of the elements.The suggestion of William Prout
(1785-1850) in 1816 that the atomic weights of pure chemical elements are whole numbers and
multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen, taken as unity, was met with serious confutations,which
in turn prompted several attempts to save Prouts hypothesis.We discuss these attempts in detail
and the objections raised against them, for instance by Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907).
We pay particular attention to the use of spectroscopy as a method for proving the existence of
elementary forms of matter inside atoms. Leaders in this field of research were two English scientists,
the astrophysicist Norman Lockyer (1836-1920) and the chemist William Crookes (1832-
1919). Both of their approaches involved the idea of primary matter. However, while Crookess
approach proved to be incorrect, Lockyers ideas survived for several years and supported the discovery
of the electron by J.J.Thomson (1856-1940). 相似文献
992.
Wolfgang R.?BergmannEmail author Roberto?ContiEmail author 《Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata》2003,182(3):271-286
Let H be the extended Cuntz algebra over the Hilbert space H. Since its zero grade part H0 is the C*-inductive limit of B(Hr), we look for some family of representations on an inductive limit of Hr as r. When such construction is shaped according to the structure of H0, von Neumanns notion of a reference sequence of unit vectors for Hilbert infinite tensor products emerges; after a further Rieffel induction step, a class IPR[H] of representations of H arises. For any two such representations, we describe explicitly their associated intertwiners. Any two representations in IPR[H] are either disjoint or unitarily equivalent. Actions of the group by translation on sequences of unit vectors are involved, as well as the ideals of . 相似文献
993.
XinPingWANG 《数学学报(英文版)》2003,19(4):765-782
In this paper,we are concerned with the boundedness of all the solutions of the equation x″ ax^ -bx- Ф(x)=p(t),where p(t) is a smooth 2π-periodic function,a and b are positive constants,and the perturbation Ф(x) is bounded. 相似文献
994.
积极做好大学生党员的思想政治教育工作,是关系我国新世纪教育事业发展的一项重要战略任务。在具体工作中,要紧紧围绕新时期党的建设总目标和高校培养社会主义建设人才的重要任务开展大学生党员思想教育工作,要用先进化构筑大学生党员思想教育的“防火墙”,最终使其真信、真懂、真用“三个代表”重要思想。 相似文献
995.
党的“十六”大提出,全国都要“全面贯彻三个代表重要思想”。笔者认为,“三个代表”是高校办学的方向,高校有责任率先全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想,并持之以恒。代表中国先进生产力发展要求是高校办学之本,代表中国先进文化的前进方向是高校育人之基,代表中国最广大人民的根本利益是高校为师之魂。高校要通过全面贯彻“三个代表”的重要思想,坚定正确的办学方向,努力成为先进生产力创新的源泉、高素质人才培养的摇篮、为国为民服务的智力库。 相似文献
996.
A. I. Pavlov 《Mathematical Notes》2000,68(3):370-377
The main result of this paper is the following theorem. Suppose thatτ(n) = ∑
d|n
l and the arithmetical functionF satisfies the following conditions:
Then there exist constantsA
1,A
2, andA
3 such that for any fixed \g3\s>0 the following relation holds:
. Moreover, if for any primep the inequality \vbf(p)\vb\s<1 holds and the functionF is strongly multiplicative, thenA
1\s>0.
Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 429–438, September, 2000. 相似文献
1) | the functionF is multiplicative; |
2) | ifF(n) = ∑ d|n f(d), then there exists an α>0 such that the relationf(n)=O(n −α) holds asn→∞. |
997.
NOTES ON GLAISHER'S CONGRUENCES 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
HONG Shaofang 《数学年刊B辑(英文版)》2000,21(1):33-38
Let p be an odd prime and let n≥1,k≥0 and r be integers,denote by Bk the kth Bernoulli number,It is proved that(i) If r≥1 is odd and suppose 1≥r+4,then ∑j=1^p-1 1/(np+j)^r=-(2n+1)r(r+1)/2(r+2)Bp-r-2p^2(mod p^3).(ii)If r≥2 is even and suppose p≥r+3, then p-1∑j=1 1/(np+j)^r=r/r+1Bv-r-1p(mod P^2).(iii) p-1∑j=1 1/(np+j)p-2=-(2n+1)p(mod P^2).This result generalizes the Glaisher‘s congruence. As a corollary, a generalization of the Wolsten-holme‘s theorem is obtained. 相似文献
998.
Numerical analysis of a quadratic matrix equation 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The quadratic matrix equation AX2+ BX + C = 0in n x nmatricesarises in applications and is of intrinsic interest as oneof the simplest nonlinear matrix equations. We give a completecharacterization of solutions in terms of the generalized Schurdecomposition and describe and compare various numerical solutiontechniques. In particular, we give a thorough treatment offunctional iteration methods based on Bernoullis method.Other methods considered include Newtons method with exact line searches, symbolic solution and continued fractions.We show that functional iteration applied to the quadraticmatrix equation can provide an efficient way to solve the associated quadratic eigenvalue problem (2A + B + C)x = 0. 相似文献
999.
G. Krupa 《Set-Valued Analysis》2000,8(3):237-251
We present the Komlós theorem for multivalued functions whose values are closed (possibly unbounded) convex subsets of a separable Banach space. Komlós theorem can be seen as a generalization of the SLLN for it deals with a sequence of integrable multivalued functions that do not have to be identically distributed nor independent. The Artstein–Hart SLLN for random sets with values in Euclidean spaces is derived from the main result. Finally, since the main theorem concerns multifunctions whose values are allowed to be unbounded, we can restate it in terms of normal integrands (random lower semicontinuous functions). 相似文献
1000.
A. C. de la Torre A. Daleo 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2000,8(2):165-168
Two types of particles, A and B with their corresponding antiparticles, are defined in a onedimensional cyclic lattice with an odd number of sites. In each
step of time evolution, each particle acts as a source for the polarization field of the other type of particle with nonlocal
action but with an effect decreasing with the distance: . It is shown that the combined distribution of these particles obeys the time evolution of a free particle as given by quantum
mechanics. 相似文献