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961.
We investigate the information theoretic properties of Kalman–Bucy filters in continuous time, developing notions of information supply, storage and dissipation. Introducing a concept of energy, we develop a physical analogy in which the unobserved signal describes a statistical mechanical system interacting with a heat bath. The abstract universe comprising the signal and the heat bath obeys a non-increase law of entropy; however, with the introduction of partial observations, this law can be violated. The Kalman–Bucy filter behaves like a Maxwellian demon in this analogy, returning signal energy to the heat bath without causing entropy increase. This is made possible by the steady supply of new information. In a second analogy the signal and filter interact, setting up a stationary non-equilibrium state, in which energy flows between the heat bath, the signal and the filter without causing any overall entropy increase. We introduce a rate of interactive entropy flow that isolates the statistical mechanics of this flow from marginal effects. Both analogies provide quantitative examples of Landauers Principle. 相似文献
962.
We study tight-binding models of itinerant electrons in two different bands, with effective on-site interactions expressing Coulomb repulsion and Hunds rule. We prove that, for sufficiently large on-site exchange anisotropy, all ground states show metallic ferromagnetism: They exhibit a macroscopic magnetization, a macroscopic fraction of the electrons is spatially delocalized, and there is no energy gap for kinetic excitations. 相似文献
963.
Y. Uzawa M. Takeda A. Kawakami Z. Wang T. Noguchi 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2005,26(1):41-54
We describe a novel method of designing a tuning circuit with two half-wave distributed junctions separated by a half-wavelength microstripline, which analytically determines the circuit parameters such as the minimum current density of the junctions and the characteristic impedances of the distributed junctions and the microstripline. The tuning circuit was approximated by simple transmission theory and then simplified with ideal circuit components for analysis. We applied Chebyshevs band-pass filter theory, in part, to optimize the circuit design. The analytical results revealed that a high characteristic-impedance ratio between the distributed junctions and the microstripline is necessary to obtain broadband matching using low-current-density junctions. The experimental results for all-NbN SIS mixers we designed with this method demonstrated double-sideband (DSB) receiver-noise temperatures of 6–10 quanta from 710 to 810 GHz for a mixer with a current density of only 4 kA/cm2 (estimated CJRN product of 37 at 750 GHz). The RF bandwidth was broader than that of a conventional full-wave distributed SIS mixer with the same current density. 相似文献
964.
Min Zhang Lu Bai Tao Yuan Lewei Li Zhensen Wu 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2005,26(2):315-327
An effective technique to characterize multilayered millimeter wave structure with vertical via-holes connected is presented. The advantage of this method is the closed-form Greens functions in spatial domain for general electric and magnetic sources in multilayered medium are obtained easily in terms of the two-level discrete complex image method (DCIM) with the high-order Sommerfeld identities, which only four elements of Greens functions in spectral domain are needed. In addition, the curl operators in mixed potential integral equations (MPIE) are avoided effectively from the Greens functions in this paper. A low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) aperture coupled antenna with vertical via-holes connected is analyzed to prove the accuracy and efficiency of this technique on three-dimensional (3-D) multilayered structure with vertical components. 相似文献
965.
Vincent Mathew 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2005,26(4):563-573
This paper presents an analysis of frequency dependent propagation characteristics of microstrip lines with anisotropic substrate and overlay. The method involves setting up of the Greens functions corresponding to the structure and formulating a dispersion relation in Fourier transform domain. The dispersion relation is constructed in a Galerkins procedure. Numerical results are also presented. 相似文献
966.
We introduce a Selberg type zeta function of two variables which interpolates several higher Selberg zeta functions. The analytic continuation, the functional equation and the determinant expression of this function via the Laplacian on a Riemann surface are obtained.Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000). Primary 11M36, Secondary 33B15 相似文献
967.
K. A. Aniol M. B. Epstein E. Gama D. J. Margaziotis W. Bertozzi J. P. Chen D. Dale R. E. J. Florizone S. Gilad A. J. Sarty J. A. Templon S. P. Van Verst J. Zhao Z. -L. Zhou P. Bartsch W. U. Boeglin R. Boehm M. O. Distler I. Ewald J. M. Friedrich J. M. Friedrich R. Geiges P. Jennewein M. Kahrau K. W. Krygier A. Liesenfeld H. Merkel K. Merle U. Muller R. Neuhausen E. A. J. M. Offermann Th. Pospischil G. Rosner H. Schmieden A. Wagner Th. Walcher M. Kuss A. Richter G. Schrieder K. Bohinc M. Potokar S. Širca J. M. Udias Javier R. Vignote R. Schiavilla 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2004,22(3):449-454
We have measured the 4He(e, ep)3H reaction at missing momenta of 130-300 MeV/c using the three-spectrometer facility at the Mainz microtron MAMI. Data were taken in perpendicular kinematics to allow us to determine the response function RLT and the asymmetry term ATL. The data are compared to both relativistic and non-relativistic calculations. 相似文献
968.
The warped deformed conifold background of type IIB theory is dual to the cascading SU(M(p+1))×SU(Mp) gauge theory. We show that this background realizes the (super-)Goldstone mechanism where the U(1) baryon number symmetry is broken by expectation values of baryonic operators. The resulting massless pseudo-scalar and scalar glueballs are identified in the supergravity spectrum. A D-string is then dual to a global string in the gauge theory. Upon compactification, the Goldstone mechanism turns into the Higgs mechanism, and the global strings turn into ANO strings. To cite this article: S.S. Gubser et al., C. R. Physique 5 (2004).
Résumé
La configuration de fond pour la théorie de type IIB donnée par le conifold voilé déformé est duale à la cascade de théorie de jauge SU(M(p+1))×SU(Mp). Nous montrons que cette configuration donne une réalisation du mécanisme de (super-)Goldstone où la symètrie baryonique U(1) est brisée par la valeur moyenne dans le vide des opérateurs baryoniques. Les boules de glue pseudo-scalaires et scalaires de masse nulle résultantes sont identifiées dans le spectre de supegravité. Une D-corde est alors duale à une corde globale dans la théorie de jauge. Après compactification, le mécanisme de Goldstone devient un mécanisme de Higgs, et une corde globale devient une corde ANO. Pour citer cet article : S.S. Gubser et al., C. R. Physique 5 (2004). 相似文献969.
Mikhail A. Vasiliev 《Comptes Rendus Physique》2004,5(9-10):1101
Some general properties of higher spin gauge theories are summarized, with the emphasize on the nonlinear theories in any dimension. To cite this article: M.A. Vasiliev, C. R. Physique 5 (2004).
Résumé
Des propriétés générales des théories de jauge de grands spins sont présentées, en insistant particulièrement sur les théories non-linéaires en dimensions diverses. Pour citer cet article : M.A. Vasiliev, C. R. Physique 5 (2004). 相似文献970.
Niklas Beisert 《Comptes Rendus Physique》2004,5(9-10):1039
The dilatation operator measures scaling dimensions of local operator in a conformal field theory. Algebraic methods of constructing the dilatation operator in four-dimensional N=4 gauge theory are reviewed. These led to the discovery of novel integrable spin chain models in the planar limit. Making use of Bethe ansätze a superficial discrepancy in the AdS/CFT correspondence was found, we discuss this issue and give a possible resolution. To cite this article: N. Beisert, C. R. Physique 5 (2004).