Metabolomics approach based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to identify the chemical constituents of the Traditional Chinese Er‐Zhi‐Pill

Er‐Zhi‐Pill, which consists of Ligustri lucidi fructus and Ecliptae prostratae herba , is a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formulation widely used as a liver‐nourishing and kidney‐enriching tonic. To identify the bioactive ingredients of Er‐Zhi‐Pill and characterize the variation of chemical constituents between co‐decoction and mix of individually decocted L. lucidi fructus and E. prostratae herba , a novel metabolomics approach based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion modes, was established to comprehensively analyze chemical constituents and probe distinguishable chemical markers. In total, 68 constituents were unambiguously or tentatively identified through alignment of accurate molecular weights within an error margin of 5 ppm, elemental composition and fragmentation characteristics, including eight constituents, which were confirmed by comparing to reference standards. Furthermore, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis using Simca‐p+ 12.0 software were applied to investigate chemical differences between formulations obtained by co‐decoction and a mixture of individual decoctions. Global chemical differences were found in samples of two different decoction methods, and 16 components, including salidroside, specneuzhenide and wedelolactone, contributed most to the observed differences. This study provides a basic chemical profile for the quality control and further mechanism research of Er‐Zhi‐Pill.     

Trapping White Phosphorus within a Purely Organic Molecular Container Produced by Imine Condensation

Three tetrahedral organic cages have been obtained by condensing a triamino linker with a set of three ostensibly analogous triformyl precursors. Despite the large number of imine bonds formed, the corresponding cages were obtained in exceptionally high yields. Both theory and experimental results demonstrate that intramolecular CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions within all of the cage frameworks play an important role in abetting the condensations and contributing to the near‐quantitative synthetic yields. The three cages of this study exhibit high thermodynamic and kinetic stability. A variety of small neutral guest molecules with complementary sizes and geometries may be used as templates in the cage forming reactions. Among the guests that may be used in this way is white phosphorus (P₄), whose inherent reactivity towards oxygen is almost fully attenuated when bound within one of the cages.     

Nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus: stereochemistry and mechanisms

This review is devoted to the stereochemistry of nucleophilic substitution reactions at phosphorus. The study of the reactions of phosphoryl group transfer is important for biological and molecular chemistry. The stereochemistry and mechanisms of S_N1(P) monomolecular and S_N2(P) bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions of organophosphorus compounds are discussed. It has been shown that hydrolysis of many natural phosphates proceeds according to the monomolecular S_N1(P) mechanism via the formation of metaphosphate intermediate (PO₃^?). S_N2(P) nucleophilic substitution at chiral trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus compounds proceeds via the formation of penta-coordinated transition state or pentacoordinate intermediate.     

从文化塑形看沈复与林语堂的文化情怀

文化是一种经过长期历史积淀所形成的一种心理定式，这种定式一旦形成便成为一种集体无意识，像基因一样遗传延续下去，在一代一代人的身上或族群中显现出来、追求个人自由，崇尚自适自慰的道家文化，对中国历代文人的心理定式作用绵延不断，像稽康、阮籍、陶渊明、李白、苏轼、沈复、林语堂等都有过一定的心理定式诱导作用，对他们的性情及心态也都产生过不同程度的文化塑形功效。因此分析老庄思想对《浮生六记》的作者及其爱人和林语堂的影响，作为中国文化心理定式作用的个案，对于了解中国文化对知识分子的人格成因具有一定的研究价值。     

北宋文赋研究

历代赋各有特点,各有擅场。宋赋各体(骚体赋、大赋、骈赋、文赋)兼备,而文赋则是最能体现宋人赋体新变之艺术成就的赋体。宋代文赋作家远绍古赋,力求创新,选材较前代更广泛,往往以文为赋,好为议论,语言散文化,由艰深华丽而变为平易流畅,追求理趣。本文对文赋在北宋阶段的产生、定型、发展过程作了概括性的梳理,并对各个文赋作家的文赋风格予以探析,也对文赋产生的原因及在赋史上的定位提出了自己的见解。     

再谈杜甫诗中的赤甲山、白盐山、赤甲宅

杜甫诗中说的赤甲山、白盐山的位置与现在的赤甲山、白盐山完全一样。杜甫的赤甲宅在赤甲山的西南角。把当地人称呼的子阳山说成是杜甫诗中的赤甲山与《水经注》的记载不合,与杜甫的整个创作情况也不一致。     

论中共三代领导核心对社会主义发展动力的探索历程

社会主义动力论不仅是唯物史观的一个重要理论问题,也是关系到执政共产党的基本方针政策的重大理论问题.中共以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民三代领导人都特别重视这个方面的理论建设.三代领导人关于社会主义动力论的论述,充分体现了马克思主义理论的继承与发展的关系,充分体现了科学理论发展历程中的逻辑演进的一致性.     

试论桂馥在云南任职对云南地方文化的影响

桂馥一生博学多才 ,勤于政务。清乾隆至嘉庆间 ,曾在云南省顺宁县、永平县任知县 ,直到去世。桂馥在云南任职时期 ,不仅创下了许多政绩 ,而且正是其文学成就的高峰时期 ,对云南地方文化的发展有着极大的影响。