Multi-residue analysis of drugs of abuse in wastewater and surface water by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry

A new-multi residue method was developed for the environmental monitoring of 65 stimulants, opiod and morphine derivatives, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, dissociative anaesthetics, drug precursors, human urine indicators and their metabolites in wastewater and surface water. The proposed analytical methodology offers rapid analysis for a large number of compounds, with low limits of quantification and utilises only one solid-phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) method, thus overcoming the drawbacks of previously published procedures. The method employed solid phase extraction with the usage of Oasis MCX sorbent and subsequent ultra performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. The usage of a 1.7 μm particle size column (1 mm×150 mm) resulted in very low flow rates (0.04 mLmin(-1)), and as a consequence gave good sensitivity, low mobile phase consumption and short retention times for all compounds (from 2.9 to 23.1 min). High SPE recoveries (>60%) were obtained for the majority of compounds. The mean correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were typically higher than 0.997 and showed good linearity in the range 0-1000 μgL(-1). The method limits of detection ranged from 0.1 ngL(-1) for compounds including cocaine, benzoylecgonine, norbenzoylecgonine and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD to 100 ngL(-1) for caffeine. Method quantification limits ranged from 0.5 to 154.2 ngL(-1). Intra- and inter-day repeatabilities were on average less than 10%. The method accuracy range was within -33.1 to 30.1%. The new multi-residue method was used to analyse drugs of abuse in wastewater and river water in the UK environment. Of the targeted 65 compounds, 46 analytes were detected at levels above the method quantification limit (MQL) in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent, 43 in WWTP effluent and 36 compounds in river water.     

动态水声环境不确定性的预报与估计

水声环境具有强烈的时空易变性,为了解其变化中的规律和产生的不确定性,将POM海洋数值模型和水声传播模型FOR3D进行耦合,建立海洋—声学耦合数值模式。对海区的温盐等环境参数和水下声场进行预报,给出了典型断面的温度垂直结构、实验海区声速剖面和传播损失。同时,采用集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)方法结合海洋—声学耦合数值模式分析了水声环境的不确定性,对不同深度与频率下,传播损失的均值与满足90%的可能区间进行了计算,同时给出了不同点声速、传播损失、声纳作用距离的不确定性直方图。和实验数据的对比结果表明该方法具有较高的有效性,能对水声环境的不确定性进行合理的预报与估计。     

蚕豆细胞微核检测技术在环境监测中的应用

本文介绍了蚕豆细胞微核检测技术的基本原理、方法及其在监测环境致突变物、水质污染、大气污染、土壤污染中的应用。     

How much information do we need?

Modern technology is succeeding in delivering more information to people at ever faster rates. Under traditional views of rational decision making where individuals should evaluate and combine all available evidence, more information will yield better decisions. But our minds are designed to work in environments where information is often costly and difficult to obtain, leading us to use simple fast and frugal heuristics when making many decisions. These heuristics typically ignore most of the available information and rely on only a few important cues. Yet they make choices that are accurate in their appropriate application domains, achieving ecological rationality through their fit to particular information structures. This paper presents four classes of simple heuristics that use limited information—recognition-based heuristics, one-reason decision mechanisms, multiple-cue elimination strategies, and quick sequential search mechanisms—applied to environments from stock market investment to judging intentions of other organisms to choosing a mate. The findings that ecological rationality can be achieved with limited information are also used to indicate how our mind’s design, relying on decision mechanisms tuned to specific environments, should be taken into account in our technology’s design, creating environments that can enable better decisions.     

北京长城全周影院的音质设计

一种具有大影像、３６０度水平视野、接近于全方位的立体声效果，以高保真的声画环境将观众包围，使观众产生强烈临场感的全周影院在国际上也为数不多，而在我国建造更是一种新的尝试。本文通过介绍北京长城全周影院的音质设计和声学性能的测试说明，虽然这种新电影系统与常规电影有明显区别，具有很多特殊要求，但通过建筑、声学光学设计者的共同努力及密切配合，最终获得了视听性能的满意的结果，使影院达到了国际先进水平，也为全     

阿勒泰地区水资源开发利用中的环境问题研究

阿勒泰地区水土资源丰富，但水资源开发利用程度很低，本文针对因水资源利用无统筹规划和灌溉不善引起大面积土壤次生盐渍化、沼泽化及乌伦古湖缩小、水质咸化、湖周土地沙化等环境问题进行了阐述和分析，并为进一步合理开发利用阿勒泰地区的水资源，北水南调，引额济克工程提出了几点建议。     

网络环境下高校图书馆存在的问题及对策

网络环境下,高校图书馆要向数字化、网络化方向发展,建设网络化图书馆,把知识服务作为使命。目前,高校图书馆存在的主要问题是工作人员缺乏职业自豪感和荣誉感,知识结构急需调整、更新;网络信息现状不尽人意,信息资源建设不足。解决问题的对策主要是提高工作人员的职业道德素养及综合素质,搞好网络信息资源管理和服务,加强信息资源建设。     

皖南优质烟基地的土壤环境

皖南地区主要植烟土壤类型有红壤、黄棕壤、潮土和水稻土。其中以红壤植烟面积最大。本文从土壤环境、土壤质地、土壤酸碱度、土壤养分和土壤含量五个方面对皖南烟区植烟土壤作了初步评价，总的说来，皖南烟区植烟土壤环境能满足优质烟叶生长的要求。     

Spectrophotometric determination of nitrite with p-nitroaniline and 2-methyl-8-quinolinol in hexadecyl-trimethylammonium bromide solution

Nitrite ion at low concentrations is determined spectrophotometrically by diazotization of p-nitroaniline and coupling of the diazonium salt with 2-methyl-8-quinolinol. The resulting dye is solubilized in hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles. The molar absorptivity is 4.72 × 10⁴ l mol^-1 cm^-1, and the Sandell sensitivity is 9.7 × 10^-4 μg cm^-2. Some interferences are reported, and preconcentration by evaporation is evaluated. The solubility of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide in water was determined as a function of temperature; the Krafft point is 19.6°C. Salting-in of the surfactant by potassium nitrate is described.