新型成膜法的SAW气体传感器聚合物膜的粘弹性分析

An analysis of the response of surface acoustic wave sensors coated with polymer film based on new coating deposition (self-assemble and molecularly imprinted technology) is described and the response formulas are hence deduced. Using the real part of shear modulus, the polymer can be classified into three types: glassy film, glassy-rubbery film and rubbery film. Experimental results show that the attenuation response is in better consistence with the simulation than in Martin's theory, but the velocity response does not accord with the calculation exactly. Maybe it is influenced by the experimental methods and environment. In addition, simulations of gas sorption for polymer films are performed. As for glassy film, the SAW sensor response increases with increasing film thickness, and the relationship between the sensor response and the concentration of gas is pretty linear, while as for glassy-rubbery film and rubbery film, the relationship between the sensor sensitivity and concentration of gas is very complicated. The ultimately calculated results indicate that the relationship between the sensor response and frequency is not always linear due to the viscoelastic properties of the polymer.     

The instability mechanism of single and multilayer Newtonian and viscoelastic flows down an inclined plane

The instability mechanism of single and multilayer flow of Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids down an inclined plane has been examined based on a rigorous energy analysis as well as careful examination of the eigenfunctions. These analyses demonstrate that the free surface instability in single and multilayer flows in the limit of longwave disturbances (i.e., the most dangerous disturbances) arise due to the perturbation shear stresses at the free surface. Specifically, for viscoelastic flows, the elastic forces are destabilizing and the main driving force for the instability is the coupling between the base flow and the perturbation velocity and stresses and their gradient at the free surface. For Newtonian flows at finite Re, the driving force for the interfacial instability in the limit of longwaves depends on the placement of the less viscous fluid. If the less viscous fluid is adjacent to the solid surface then the main driving force for the instability is interfacial friction, otherwise the bulk contribution of Reynolds stresses drives the instability. For viscoelastic fluids in the limit of vanishingly small Re, the driving force for the instability is the coupling of the base flow and perturbation velocity and stresses and their gradients across the interface. In the limit of shortwaves the interfacial stability mechanism of flow down inclined plane is the same as plane Poiseuille flows (Ganpule and Khomami 1998, 1999a, b). Received: 20 October 2000/Accepted: 11 January 2001     

Effect of inertia on thermoelastic flow instability

Thermal effects induced by viscous heating cause thermoelastic flow instabilities in curvilinear shear flows of viscoelastic polymer solutions. These instabilities could be tracked experimentally by changing the fluid temperature T₀ to span the parameter space. In this work, the influence of T₀ on the stability boundary of the Taylor–Couette flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid is studied. The upper bound of the stability boundary in the Weissenberg number (We)–Nahme number (Na) space is given by the critical conditions corresponding to the extension of the time-dependent isothermal eigensolution. Initially, as T₀ is increased, the critical Weissenberg number, We_c, associated with this upper branch increases. Increasing T₀ beyond a certain value T^* causes the thermoelastic mode of instability to manifest. This occurs in the limit as We/Pe → 0, where Pe denotes the Péclet number. In this limit, the fluid relaxation time is much smaller than the time scale of thermal diffusion. T₀ = T^* represents a turning point in the We_c–Na_c curve. Consequently, the stability boundary is multi-valued for a wide range of Na values. Since the relaxation time and viscosity of the fluid decrease with increasing T₀, the elasticity number, defined as the ratio of the fluid relaxation time to the time scale of viscous diffusion, also decreases. Hence, O(10) values of the Reynolds number could be realized at the onset of instability if T₀ is sufficiently large. This sets limits for the temperature range that can be used in experiments if inertial effects are to be minimized.     

Non-Newtonian flow past a sphere in a long cylindrical tube

Consideration is given to the problem of a sphere falling along the axis of a vertical cylindrical tube containing a viscoelastic fluid. Numerical predictions of the flow are obtained using a well established finite element Galerkin mixed formulation. The effect of elasticity on the streamline pattern, the drag and the stress field are discussed.     

粘弹性流体在圆管中起动流动的规律

选取了粘弹性Ｍａｘｗｅｌ流体，研究了该种流体在圆管中起动时的流动规律。结果表明，Ｍａｘｗｅｌ流体比牛顿流体先趋于稳定流动，圆管中心处Ｍａｘｗｅｌ流体的速度比牛顿流体大，粘弹性的存在对流体在小直径圆管起动的影响比对大直径的影响程度要大。     

在多种频率下工作的粘弹性材料的应力应变关系

为了便于在动力分析中计算粘弹性阻尼器的非线性反力，文献^[1]引用了一个描述粘弹性材料应力应变关系的公式，公式中有五个待定材料常数，目前一般的作法只是根据单一的工作频率确定这5个常数。本文导出了多种频率下工作的5个材料常数的近似计算公式。和只考虑一种工作频率的情况相比，更加接近工程实际。     

Study on rheological behaviour of poly(butylene terephthalate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Poly(butylene terephthalate)/montmorillonite composites (PBT/MMT) were prepared by melt intercalation and then investigated using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) as well as parallel plate rheometer. It was found that the composites had various phase morphologies with nanoscales and distinct behaviours of a percolation network structure under certain conditions. The linear viscoelastic region of the composites is much narrower than that for PBT matrix, the percolation threshold of the composites is near 3 wt.%, and the percolation network structure is not stable under a shear as well as in a quiescent annealing process. Moreover, PBT/MMT presents the nature of temperature independence of G′ versus G″ whether the internal percolated tactoids network formed or not. The magnitudes of the stress overshoots observed in the reverse flow experiments were strongly dependent on the rest time, which could be inferred that the ruptured network is reorganized under the quiescent annealing process. Furthermore, PBT/MMT shows a strain-scaling stress response to the startup of steady shear, indicating that the formation of the liquid crystalline-like phase structure in the nanocomposites may be the major drive force for the reorganization of the internal network.     

关于一维波向有机玻璃透射声抗偶合的粘弹效应

用SHPB技术测定了20—60℃范围内,有机玻璃的应力-应变曲线。用标准线性固体粘弹模型讨论了有机玻璃log(t) 随时间近似线性衰减的特性,得到反映声抗偶合的参数κ与粘弹性常数b=Ε’/η’相一致的结论。由κ值对温度的依赖性讨论了有机玻璃声抗偶合的粘弹效应。     

Polylactide/montmorillonite nanocomposites: Structure, dielectric, viscoelastic and thermal properties

Polylactide-based systems composed of an organoclay (Cloisite^® 30B) and/or a compatibilizer (Exxelor VA1803) prepared by melt blending were investigated. Two types of not compatibilized nanocomposites containing 3 wt% or 10 wt% of the organoclay were studied to reveal the effect of the filler concentration on the nanostructure and physical properties of such systems. The 3 wt%-nanocomposite was also additionally compatibilized in order to improve the nanoclay dispersion. Neat polylactide and polylactide with the compatibilizer processed in similar conditions were used as reference samples. The X-ray investigations showed the presence of exfoliated nanostructure in 3 wt%-nanocomposite. Compatibilization of such system noticeably enhanced the degree of exfoliation of the organoclay. Viscoelastic spectra (DMTA) showed an increase of the storage and loss moduli with the increase of the organoclay content and dispersion. Dielectric properties of the nanocomposites show a weak influence of the nanoclay on segmental (α_S) and local (β)-relaxations in PLA, except for the highest nanoclay content. Above T_g a strong increase of dc conductivity related to ionic species in the clay is observed. It gives rise also to the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars interfacial polarization and both real and imaginary parts of ε strongly increase. In the temperature dependence of low frequency dielectric constant and mechanical moduli (at 1 Hz) an additional maximum around 80-90 °C is observed due to cold crystallization of PLA.     

Thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of MF/PVAc hybrid resins on the adhesion for engineered flooring in under heating system; ONDOL

The thermal properties of blends of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) for engineered flooring used on the Korean traditional ONDOL house floor heating system were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The viscoelastic properties of the blends were also studied. Because MF resin is a thermosetting adhesive, the effect of MF rein was shown across all thermal behaviors. The addition of PVAc reduced the curing temperature. The TGA results showed that the DTG_max temperature and thermal stability of the blends increased with increasing PVAc content. The blends were examined in non-isothermal DSC experiments at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. There was an exothermic peak in all the heating scanning curves, with each blend displaying a single curing peak temperature (T_p), intermediate between those of the two pure components and varying with the blend composition. The DMTA thermogram of MF resin showed that the storage modulus (E′) increased as the temperature was further increased as a result of the cross-linking induced by the curing reaction of the resin. E′ of MF resin increased both as a function of increasing temperature and with increasing heating rate.