2种PCR技术扩增微分离的蚕豆染色体

用接头介导的PCR (polymerase chain reaction, LA-PCR) 和简并寡核苷酸PCR(DOP-PCR)2种技术对微分离的蚕豆(vicia faba)大M染色体进行了扩增,并对扩增结果及2种PCR技术的优缺点进行了比较.结果表明,LA-PCR的扩增产物大小为0.3～3kb, 而DOP-PCR的扩增产物大小为0.3～1.3kb. LA-PCR的对照中未观察到扩增产物,而DOP-PCR的对照中却明显观察到扩增产物,此扩增产物是由于引物之间相互退火而形成的二聚体或更高级的聚合体. LA-PCR的Southern杂交信号明显强于DOP-PCR,可见LA-PCR的扩增效率明显高于DOP-PCR.     

干旱条件下蚕豆光合和生理特性变化研究

通过盆栽控制水分试验方法,对土壤适宜含水量(90%fθ)、轻度干旱(70%θf)、中度干旱(50%θf)和重度干旱(30%fθ)4种水分条件下蚕豆叶片光合和生理特性进行了系统研究.结果表明:随着干旱程度加重,蚕豆叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)受到了明显抑制,细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)则先升高后下降再上升;随着胁迫时间的延长,蚕豆叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和渗透调节物质含量明显增加,叶片内的相对含水量和叶绿素含量减少,保护酶系统(SOD,POD,CAT)活性随着胁迫时间的延长,总体表现为先升高后降低.     

微波对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

以蚕豆(Vcia faba L.)根尖为实验材料,研究微波辐射对蚕豆根尖细胞的损伤效应.采用蚕豆根尖微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,以不同处理时间(0～30s)的微波辐射为诱变剂,测定蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数及染色体畸变率等指标.结果表明:6个时间微波处理组的微核率、染色体畸变率均明显高于阴性对照组(P<0.001).而6个时间微波处理组的有丝分裂指数却明显低于阴性对照组(P<0.001).在本实验处理时间范围内,3个指标均具有一定的时间效应.即随着微波处理时间的延长,微核率及染色体畸变率逐渐升高,而有丝分裂指数则逐渐降低.结论是在该实验微波剂量及处理时间下,微波对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的损伤效应.     

春蚕豆试管苗炼苗和移栽技术研究

通过对春蚕豆试管苗炼苗方法与移栽技术的研究，总结出一套蚕豆试管苗炼苗移栽的工艺流程；采用闭口一开口炼苗方法后，试管苗长势好，抗性强，成苗率达90％以上。     

蚕豆花粉体外萌发的超微结构观察

用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究蚕豆花粉体外萌发的超微结构，绝大多数花粉具远近极双孔沟，沟中有一花粉孔．花粉外壁覆盖层呈特异的细皱网纹，外被嗜锇性物质．花粉孔口仅由花粉内壁构成．当花粉萌发时，精细胞胞质、核内可见成束微管，胞内偶见微丝样结构．生长的花粉管顶端含絮状物质小泡和顶端管外细胞壁纤维构成有密切相关．     

HF急性薰气对蚕豆的影响

HF急性薰气后,氟在植物各部分的分布中含量最多的是叶片,并导致叶片伤害。伤害与氟的浓度密切相关。主要伤害的症状是叶片上出现褐色坏死斑点或坏死区域;叶绿素a和b降低;Hill反应随含氟量的增多而受抑制,表现光合强度降低;呼吸强度增高;可溶性糖含量和蛋白质明显下降;过氧化物酶同工酶活性增高,谱带数降低.HF急性薰气(相对高浓度)生长和产量均受影响。     

Localization of NOS-like protein in guard cells of Vicia faba L. and its possible function

Using the immuno-fluorescence and immuno-gold electron microscope technology, localization of ni- tric oxide synthase (NOS)-like proteins was determined in guard cells of Vicia faba L. NOS is mainly localized in nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria and the cell wall of guard cells. Scorch and exogenous JA can enhance the level of nitric oxide (NO) and increase NOS activity in both leaf and epidermis, and the changing pattern of NOS activity was consistent with the change of NO. NOS in- hibitor, L-NAME, inhibited JA-induced NO generation. From the results, we presumed that NO genera- tion from NOS pathway is the main pathway in the stress and JA responses. The pharmacological ex- periment showed that increasing the Ca2 at a suitable concentration promoted leaf NOS activity and the NO level, indicating that NOS activity together with the distribution of NO is Ca2 -dependent. NOS and NO are possibly involved in the regulation of stomatal movement thus playing an important role in plant stress responses.     

8-羟基喹啉和对苯二酚诱导蚕豆根尖细胞异常性的比较研究

采用8-羟基喹啉与对苯二酚处理蚕豆根尖,根尖经恢复培养后,以孚尔根染色法制片观察.同时以低温处理的相同材料为对照.经2种药物不同浓度处理后观察其根尖细胞的微核率,以及它们对有丝分裂指数的影响,同时还观察了它们对染色体畸变的效应.得出以下结果:(1)2种诱变剂均能诱发高频率的微核细胞;8-HQ还可以产生较高频率的双核细胞.(2)HQ在2个不同处理浓度均可明显提高有丝分裂指数,且可有效地积累中期分裂相;而8-HQ对有丝分裂指数的提高影响不明显,且在0.004 mol.L-1浓度时对有丝分裂指数具有显著的抑制效应.(3)2种诱变剂均能导致染色体畸变及其他核异常.本研究结果表明8-HQ和HQ均是细胞板有效的抑制剂和诱发染色体数目和结构变异较强的诱变剂.     

Effect of Flower Removal on Senescence and Metabolism of Faba Bean(Vicia Faba L.)

In pot experiments at Xichang,China,during 1989～1994,visual senescencesymptoms and associated changes in constituent contents and activities of leaves of fababean(Vicia faba L.)were compared in respones to flower removal.The leaves from upper,middle and lower positions were sampled six times during reproductive developmentphase.At 70 DAP flower removal had caused 37%～189% and 82%～197% increase ofgreen leaf area and green leaf dry weight per plant respectively.Flower removal led to asignificant increase in the chlorophyll,soluble sugar and protein contents and the catalaseactivity.The leaf cell relative electroconductivity of those plants was maintained at a lowerlevel,relative to the control,during the late growing stage.These results certainly impliedthat the leaves of flower removal plants were still fully functional at a very late growingstage,consequently the plants increased many new branches per plant.