Flavonoids from the aerial part of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia subvillosa</Emphasis>

The new flavone glucoside viscioside, luteolin-4′-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, in addition to the known flavonoids apigenin, luteolin, quercetin, cinaroside, luteolin-4′-O-β-D-glucoside, and isoquercitrin were isolated from the aerial part of Vicia subvillosa. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–31, January–February, 2007.     

Na2CO3胁迫对蚕豆幼苗几种生理生化指标的影响

用Na2CO3处理蚕豆幼苗,处理浓度为25,50,75,100mmol／L,胁迫6天后取样,测定植株鲜干重、肉质化程度、细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量叶绿素含量等生理指标．结果表明,一定浓度的Na2CO3促进了蚕豆幼苗鲜干重、肉质化程度、叶绿素含量的增加,100mmol／LNa2CO3处理明显抑制了蚕豆幼苗的生长．Na2CO3浓度超过75mmol／L时,蚕豆幼苗MDA含量急剧上升,质膜透性也明显增加,脯氨酸含量增加明显．     

活性氧与NO在SO2诱导蚕豆气孔运动中的作用

以蚕豆叶表皮为材料,研究SO2胁迫时叶面气孔运动及其调节途径.研究发现,用浓度1～200μmol/L的SO2衍生物(亚硫酸钠与亚硫酸氢钠混合液)处理蚕豆叶下表皮后,气孔开度明显减小,气孔保卫细胞内活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)和钙离子(Ca2+)水平显著升高.采用抗氧化剂抗坏血酸和过氧化氢酶,钙离子干扰剂EGTA和LaCl3,以及NO合成抑制剂NaN3与NO清除剂c-PTIO,分别与SO2衍生物同时作用时,SO2诱发的气孔关闭效应得到有效缓解,保卫细胞内ROS、NO和Ca2+水平随之改变.抗氧化剂和NO干扰剂能阻止SO2诱导的胞内ROS、NO和Ca2+水平升高;EGTA和LaCl3能降低SO2诱导的胞内NO和Ca2+升高,但不影响ROS水平.研究结果表明,较高浓度SO2能诱导气孔关闭,SO2胁迫诱导ROS和NO合成增加,ROS和NO通过钙信号系统调节气孔开度.     

淮河淮南段水域诱变物污染的生物学初评

用蚕豆根尖微核(VMN_s)法,对淮河淮南段水域两个不同水期的6个采样点水质情况分别进行了监测。结果表明:除淮南段水域上游峡山口基本没有致突变物污染外,其余各点均有不同程度的污染。两个水期各点的污染情况基本一致。同时将VMN_s与综合化学指标BOD_5及COD_cr进行了比较,对所用的启豆1号蚕豆品系的本底微核千分率(MCN‰)及其对诱变剂丝裂霉素C的敏感性作了测定。     

影响苜蓿蚜发生为害的主要因素分析

通过研究，明确了蚕豆出苗至开花期，适宜的温度条件（１３－１４℃），干旱少雨（比常年偏少４８％）是苜蓿蚜发生及种群数量上升的主要因素之一。并指出苜蓿蚜是否大发生，食料是前提，虫源是基础，气象是关键。     

四种植物花蜜腺的初步研究

通过对油菜、蚕豆、毛莨和三色堇等四种植物花蜜腺的外部形态、显微切片和扫描电镜观察,了解到油菜和蚕豆的花蜜腺是花托类型,蜜主要通过变态气孔分泌;毛莨是花被类型,蜜由表皮细胞分泌;三色堇是雄蕊类型,蜜由具乳头状突起的特化表皮细胞分泌。该四种植物花蜜腺中维管组织的分化有三种不同的情况。油菜同一朵花上四个蜜腺有不同的特化程度。     

Involvement of carbon monoxide produced by heme oxygenase in ABA-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba and its proposed signal transduction pathway

Carbon monoxide (CO) has recently proven to be an important bioactive or signaling molecule in mammalian cells. Its effects are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). In Vicia faba leaves, CO production and heme oxygenase (HO) activity, an important CO synthetic enzyme, are first reported to increase in response to ABA treatment, which could result in stomatal closure. Inter- estingly, ABA-induced stomatal closure in V. faba guard cells is partially blocked when the synthetic CO inhibitor ZnPP, or the CO/NO scavenger Hb is added. Furthermore, we show that, exogenously applied CO donor, hematin, and CO aqueous solution not only result in the enhancement of CO release, but also time-dependently induce stomatal closure, and the latter is mimicked by the application of an NO donor SNP. The above-mentioned stomatal closure effects are differentially reversed by the addition of tungstate, a potent inhibitor of NO synthetic enzyme nitrate reductase (NR), the specific NO scavenger cPTIO, ZnPP, or Hb. During treatment for 4 h, SNP, 0.01% CO aqueous solution or hematin significantly triggers NO synthesis, whereas cPTIO, or tungstate approximately fully inhibits NO fluorescence. Ad- ditionally, application of the GC inhibitor ODQ blocks CO-induced stomatal closure. This inhibition could be reversed when 8-Br-cGMP is added. Thus, the above results suggest that CO produced by HO is involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure, and NO and cGMP may function as downstream interme- diates in the CO signaling responsible for stomatal closure.     

两种MAP激酶共同调节蚕豆气孔保卫细胞中ROS信号途径研究

运用表皮条生物学分析、激光共聚焦扫描及膜片钳技术,在MEK1/2和p38MAP激酶专一性抑制剂PD98059和SB203580处理下,观察促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAP激酶)家族成员介导蚕豆保卫细胞中氧化信号机制.结果表明,PD98059能阻断并逆转ABA和H2O2抑制质膜内向K 电流、ABA诱导H2O2产生及气孔关闭,SB203580也表现相似的作用.因此,两种MAP激酶可能共同调节ABA诱导ROS产生和气孔关闭.     

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核监测滇池水质污染的初步研究

本文在利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核监测滇池水质方面作了一些初步研究。以蒸馏水处理作阴性对照试验,以不同浓度的Cd,Hg处理作阳性对照试验,用蚕豆根尖细胞微核对滇池11个样点的水样进行了监测评价。结果表明:①水体Hg,Cd污染均会明显地增加蚕豆根尖细胞微核率,而且Hg对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响较大。②滇池11个样点的水样均使蚕豆根尖细胞微核率明显地增加,而且,各样点水样对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响不相同。③以蚕豆根尖细胞微核率为指标,监测滇池水质污染的结果与水质测定结果是一致的。④本试验可将11个样点的水质污染分为三种程度,即重污染、中污染和轻污染。