Determination of the sulphur content of geological samples by X-ray fluorescent analysis

Summary The sulphur content of ultramafic and basic rocks is determined by X-ray fluorescent analysis with pressed powder pellets. A commonly marked cellulose powder and wax are taken as diluent. Two analysing crystals, PET and graphite, are compared. The linear calibration curve reaches from 50 ppm to 1.0 weight-%, with a detection limit of 90 and 45 ppm, respectively. If the standard rock is of nearly the same matrix as the examined samples, no calculated matrix correction is necessary.

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Schwefelbestimmung in geologischen Proben durch Röntgenfluorescenz-Analyse

Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur röntgenfluorescenzanalytischen Schwefelbestimmung an ultrabasischen und basischen Gesteinen wird beschrieben. Die Messung erfolgt an Preßtabletten mit handelsüblichem Cellulosepulver oder Wachs als Verdünnungsmittel. Zwei Analysatorkristalle, PET und Graphit, werden verglichen. Die lineare Eichkurve umfaßt den Konzentrationsbereich zwischen 50 ppm und 1 Gew.-% S. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 90 bzw. 45 ppm, je nach verwendetem Kristall. Bei annähernd übereinstimmender Matrix von Standard- und Analysenprobe ist eine rechnerische Matrixkorrektur nicht erforderlich.

     

An optimal process of femtosecond laser cutting of NiTi shape memory alloy for fabrication of miniature devices

The mechanical properties of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) components are sensitive to thermal influence during laser machining. To make the femtosecond laser cutting of NiTi material meet the strict fabrication requirements for miniature SMA devices with high precision, complex patterns and minimal heat affected zone (HAZ) along with high throughput, we report an optimal process of sideways-movement path planning in this article. Femtosecond laser processing of NiTi SMA using the fundamental wavelength of 775 nm from a Ti:sapphire laser along with its second and third harmonic irradiations were systematically investigated. We observed that the main impact of ultrashort laser pulse induced air breakdown on materials processing was beam widening. The laser beam at fundamental wavelength suffered less widening than its harmonic wavelengths. Femtosecond laser machining of metals is still basically a thermal mechanism. High ablation rates at higher laser fluences causes significant recast formation, while lower fluences resulted in better cutting quality at the expense of efficiency. The optimal process involving the method of sideways-movement path planning enables recast-free high-precision features at higher laser fluences with better throughput.     

Macroscopic quantum tunnelling in the r.f. SQUID with S-c-S point contacts

Summary The experimental results on quantum decay of metastable flux states in the r.f. SQUID containing different S-c-S point contacts as the weak link are compared with various theoretical models. The formulae following from the RSJ model with weak and strong damping and the microscopic treatment of quantum effects in S-c-S junctions are analysed. It is concluded that only the latter theory provides a quantitative agreement with the experimental values.     

Stability of astigmatic and twisted optical lensguides

We investigate single mode yield above threshold for index coupled distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and compare that with spatial hole burning (SHB) corrected yield at threshold. If the criterion necessary for the SHB corrected yield is selected properly, the two yields give good agreements. For antireflection-high reflection (AR–HR) facets, the value of coupling strength, L, which gives the highest single mode yield above threshold is approximately 0.9. In this case, the reflectivity of the AR facet should be less than 1.5     

SMS非织造布及在服装领域的应用研究

探讨了SMS非织造布的类别划分、结构与性能特征。首次对SMS非织造布在服装面料和服装辅料的应用进行了可行性分析研究。扩大了产品的应用领域。     

实验教学用材料量化管理的思考

本文从以有限经费投入,充分保证教学用材料这一原则入手,论述了高校实验教学用材料物品实现用计算机进行量化管理的方法及措施。     

Freezing curve-based monitoring to quickly evaluate the viability of biological materials subject to freezing or thermal injury

This paper is aimed at investigating the roles of freezing dynamics of a liquid droplet to characterize the properties of the material. In particular, freezing curve-based monitoring was proposed to quickly evaluate the viability of biological materials subject to freezing, re-warming, or other kinds of injury, which is an extremely important issue in practices such as cryobiology, hyperthermia, or freshness evaluation of bio-samples. An integrated micro analysis device was fabricated which is simple in structure and cheap to make. Preliminary freezing results demonstrated that minor changes in a biological material due to freezing or warming injury might result in a significant deviation of its freezing curve from that of the intact biomaterials. Several potential thermal indexes to quantify the material features were pointed out. Further, experiments were performed on some freezing and thawing processes of small amount of water on a cooling surface to test the effects of droplet sizes, measurement sites, cooling strength, and cooling geometry, etc., on the freezing responses of a water droplet. Their implementation in developing a new micro analysis system were suggested. This freezing curve-based monitoring method may open a new strategy for the evaluation of biomaterials subject to destruction in diverse fields.     

Model calculation of bound eigenstates above a potential well

Calculation showed that under suitable conditions various kinds of bound states above the barrier of an oscillating rectangular potential do exist, and the observation of electronic bound states above a potential well in the AlInAs/GaInAs heterostructure can be understood from our quantum mechanical calculation.     

Dynamic light scattering from bulk poly(n-hexylmethacrylate) near and above the glass transition

Photon correlation spectra of polarized scattered light from poly(n-hexylmethacrylate) PHMA (M_w = 1.6·10⁵, T_g = ?5°C) have been studied in the temperature range of ?2–25°C. The experimental time correlation functions over the time range 10^?6?10² s were represented by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) function exp{?(t/τ)^β} with a virtually temperature-independent distribution parameter β = 0.27 ± 0.02. The observed relaxation functions were also analyzed in terms of a continuous distribution of retardation times L(τ) by means of a direct inverse Laplace transformation. The computed L(τ) distributions reveal a broad single peak structure in agreement with the results of the single KWW fit. The temperature dependence of τ is very similar to that of the shift factors obtained from measurements of the shear modulus and the stress relaxation modulus in the glass-rubber region. Conversely, the values of τ compare well with those extracted from the experimental dielectric loss peaks consistently represented in the time domain by the KWW function. These findings suggest that the slow density fluctuations in bulk PHMA are associated with the primary glass-rubber or α-relaxation, which, however, displays an unusual low apparent Arrhenius activation energy and a rather low β value. PHMA exhibits significant dynamic light scattering with correlation times faster than 10^?6 s near T_g. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.