Distinguishing three distinct biogeographic regions with an in‐house developed 39‐AIM‐InDel panel and further admixture proportion estimation for Uyghurs

In the forensic field, ancestry‐informative markers (AIMs) showing remarkable allele frequency discrepancies can be useful in deducing the likely ancestral origin of a person or estimating the ancestry component proportions of an admixed population or individual. Diallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms are genetic markers commonly used for ancestry inference, but the genotyping methods of single nucleotide polymorphisms fail to fulfil the demands of cost‐effectiveness and simplicity of experimental manipulation. To overcome the limitations, a 39 ancestry‐informative insertion/deletion polymorphism multiplex panel was developed in the present study to perform ancestry assignment of individuals from three distinct biogeographic regions (Africa, Europe, East Asia). And in the panel design, we also attempted to incorporate AIM‐insertion/deletion polymorphisms exhibiting allelic frequency differences in Han, Uyghur, and Tibetan populations into the multiplex assay, further expecting to provide valuable information for refining ancestry inference within Chinese populations. Statistical analyses were performed to estimate efficiency of this panel in clustering individuals from three continents mentioned above into their corresponding populations, which indicated the potential of the panel in ancestry inference. Besides, we also estimated the ancestral component proportions of Uyghur group and STRUCTURE analysis revealed that Uyghurs from Urumchi city of northern Xinjiang exhibited a distinctly admixed pattern of East Asian and European ancestry components with a ratio of 49:44, reflecting the relatively higher East Asian ancestry component contribution in the gene pool of the Uyghur group.     

面向语音合成的藏语音素切分算法研究

文章通过采用两种方法对藏语语音合成语料库中的语音进行音素切分:一种是基于单音素HMM模型的自动切分方法,一种是传统的人工切分方法,并通过实验分析了自动切分与人工切分方法的准确率程度.实验结果表明:在构建语料库时,前者有助于缩短建库周期,尤其对于大语料库的建立会有明显的优势.这种方法既节省了切分与标注的大量时间和人力成本,又提高了语音语料库标注信息的精确度和一致性.     

维吾尔语语音识别中发音变异现象

维语口语发音中很多音素相对标准语产生了发音变异,基于标准语音的识别系统在识别带有发音变异的口语语料时识别率较低。该文针对维吾尔语同化、弱化、脱落、元音和谐等语流音变难点进行分析,对语音、韵律特性进行知识融合与技术创新,运用基于数据驱动和基于专家经验相结合的方法对维吾尔语方言口语中存在的发音变异现象进行研究,统计元音、辅音多发音变化映射对,建立音素混淆矩阵,为维吾尔语方言口语语音识别研究奠定基础。     

试论新时期前十年的维吾尔文学理论批评

十年维吾尔文学理论批评所取得的主要成就有：强调文学的独特性、结束了文学依附于政治的局面；对文艺的审美本质、情感在文艺中的地位和作用及其他一些基本理论问题进行了较为深刻而全面的探讨；强调了文学的以审美作用为中心的多种作用；首次对西方现代派文学进行了研究；主张文学批评的标准应该是美学批评与历史批评的完美统一；出版并发表了有关维吾尔诗歌创作的理论专著及部分理论文章。存在的问题有：论题和内容重复多，缺乏创新精神。在这10年中，理论批评总体上一直存在着一种不平衡现象，基本上处于一种封闭状态。     

维吾尔医药发展现状及存在问题分析

本文综述了维吾尔医药的发展现状,对维吾尔医药发展中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了维吾尔医药进一步发展的基本思路和对策.     

从几种英汉翻译软件看机器翻译中的多义问题

机器翻译是人工智能研究中的一个前沿领域 ,它涉及到语言学、数学、哲学、心理学、计算机科学、自动控制技术等多个学科的知识。而归根结底 ,它的发展和完善必须建立在语言学研究的基础之上。本文通过对几种英汉机器翻译软件的翻译实例分析 ,从语义学的角度阐述了机器翻释中的一个关键问题———多义问题 ,并简要介绍了计算语言学对多义问题的处理方法。     

论建立综合性“女书”数据库的必要性

江永＂女书＂是迄今为止发现的世界上唯一的女性文字,流传区域仅限于湖南省江永县上江圩一带,是中国濒危非物质文化文化遗产之一。江永＂女书＂及女书文化研究的现状亟待江永＂女书＂综合性数据库的建设工作,其意义体现在以下三个方面：能加强女书原生态资料的收集整理工作;可加大女书的国际影响,扩展对女书的国际关注,力争女书濒危非物质文化抢险工程的国际支援;建立综合性女书语料库,拓宽女书研究的视角,为女书研究的现代纵深发展提供保障。     

A study on the characteristics in a symmetry Boltzmann machine composed of two Boltzmann machines

We propose a symmetry Boltzmann machine as a model of the brain which has the left hemispherium cerebri and the right one. A symmetry Boltzmann machine is composed of two Boltzmann machines. In case of two independent Boltzmann machines, we consider irreversible processes in a symmetry Boltzmann machine. We are interested in the entropy which depends on time and focus on its time change. First, we try to understand Boltzmann machines from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. Next, we consider an average of energy as an extensive variable which describes the relatively long time or macroscopic states of the independent systems. Then we derive its affinity. The result says that the temperature of each system determines the macroscopic equilibrium. On the other hand, in case of two correlative Boltzmann machines, we simulate a simple learning by using our model. The results say that a single unit's power spectrum density looks like the white noise in the forward learning, but it becomes the 1/f fluctuation in the reverse learning.     

面向维汉神经机器翻译的双向重排序模型分析

在维吾尔语到汉语等低资源语料库上, 神经机器翻译的拟合训练容易陷入局部最优解, 导致单一模型的翻译结果可能不是全局最优解。针对此问题, 通过集成策略, 有效整合多个模型预测的概率分布, 将多个翻译模型作为一个整体; 同时采用基于交叉熵的重排序方法, 将具有相反解码方向的翻译模型相结合, 最终选出综合得分最高的候选翻译作为输出。在CWMT2015维汉平行语料上的实验结果表明, 与单一的Transformer模型相比, 改进后的方法提升4.82个BLEU值。     

哲学论辩的宗教归宿——试析《肇论》的宗教性与哲学性

《肇论》研究中的种种争论根源于时《肇论》的宗教性与哲学性及其关系的不同理解。而从魏晋时期佛教的发展与玄佛关系、僧肇本人的学术经历与思想发展、《肇论》文本及后世影响等三方面来把握《肇论》的宗教性与哲学性,能够实现对《肇论》的整体性理解。